贮藏温度对马铃薯品质和采后生理的影响

以青薯9号马铃薯为试材,研究不同贮藏温度(4、10、15、20℃)对150 d贮藏期间马铃薯块茎品质及采后生理的影响。结果表明,贮藏过程中,马铃薯块茎淀粉含量随贮藏时间的延长呈下降趋势,还原糖含量、发芽率、失重率、腐烂率以及相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量呈上升趋势,过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性呈先上升后下降的趋势。贮藏温度不同对马铃薯贮藏期间的品质及生理的影响不同,20℃下马铃薯块茎的贮藏品质及生理劣变最快,其次是15℃和10℃,4℃条件下贮藏能够较好地保持马铃薯块茎的商品价值和食用价值。     

1-MCP在果蔬体内的药代规律研究及产品开发进展

1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)是一种乙烯受体抑制剂,广泛应用于果蔬采后贮藏保鲜行业.本文从1-MCP在果蔬体内的吸收、与果实内部生物大分子互作及其机制、残留量及其法规约定等方面对1-MCP在果蔬体内的药代规律进行了分析.从产品开发和技术应用的角度概括了1-MCP常见的产品形式和发展趋势,梳理了1-MCP与预冷技术结合、与杀菌剂联用、与果蔬风味形成调控技术复合使用等多效保鲜技术的研发情况.通过概括分析可以发现,1-MCP的安全性高,残留量低,但有关其在果蔬体内的代谢规律和对果蔬品质的不利影响方面的研究较少,且大部分的研究集中于1-MCP的应用,长效稳定缓释剂型和复合保鲜技术将是今后的发展趋势.     

柑橘类果实枯水机理及探制措施的研究进展

综述了柑橘类果实在贮藏过程中枯水机理及控制措施研究现状,并对柑橘果枯水控制技术进行进一步研究.     

大久保桃采后生理与贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

介绍了近年来大久保桃果实采后生理与贮藏特性,重点阐述了目前国内外有关大久保桃果实采后贮藏保鲜技术研究进展,保鲜技术主要包括物理保鲜技术（如贮前热处理、间歇升温处理、气调贮藏）和化学保鲜技术（如涂膜、水杨酸、钙处理、乙醇处理）。     

乙烯脱除剂处理对杏果实常温贮藏品质的影响

以新疆库买提杏果实为试材,研究了常温（25℃）条件下乙烯脱除剂处理对杏果实贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,乙烯脱除剂处理可有效降低杏果实贮藏前期的呼吸及乙烯释放速率,减缓细胞膜透性、MDA的上升及VC含量的下降速度,减少贮藏期内营养物质的消耗,延长杏果实的贮藏保鲜期,但贮藏5天后效果不明显。     

Strawberry Shelf Life,Composition, and Enzymes Activity in Response to Edible Chitosan Coatings

A series of active biodegradable coatings based on chitosan, gelatin, starch, and sorbitol with or without monoterpenes (geraniol and thymol) were prepared and applied on fresh strawberry fruit as postharvest treatments. The coated fruits were inoculated with fungal spores of Botrytis cinerea and stored for 7 days at 4 °C. Decay incidence, weight loss, anthocyanins, total soluble solids (TSS), total soluble phenolics (TSP), polygalacturonase (PGase), pectin-lyase (PLase), antioxidant activity, guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and catalase (CAT) were elucidated in the fruits of experimental sets and they were compared with that of controls. The coatings showed a significant effect on the development of quality variables, with the additional effect of geraniol and thymol as a function of the polysaccharide matrix. The coatings inhibited decay incidence, reduced weight loss, delayed changes in the contents of anthocyanin, TSS, and total soluble phenolics; inhibited the increase in G-POD and PPO activities; and retarded the reduction in CAT activity. Compared to the controls, all of the coatings had positive effects on the inhibition of cell wall degrading enzymes (PGase and PLase) and among all the tested coatings, T5, chitosan (1%) + starch (1%) + sorbitol (0.5%) + tween (0.05%) + thymol (0.02%) was the best. This formulation showed also the highest antimicrobial activity and the greatest effect on other physiochemical parameters and it can be suggested to use it as a useful coating agent for extending the shelf-life and maintaining quality of strawberry fruit.     

New Approaches to Modeling Methyl Jasmonate Effects on Pomegranate Quality during Postharvest Storage

Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and genetic algorithm–artificial neural network (GA-ANN) models were used to predict the effect of methyl jasmonate (at three levels 0, 0.01, and 0.1 mM) and storage time (0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 days) on quality parameters and physiological changes of pomegranate fruits during storage. Methyl jasmonate reduced chilling injury and improved quality characteristics of pomegranates during postharvest storage. The GA-ANN and ANFIS were fed with two inputs of methyl jasmonate and storage time. The results showed that GA-ANN predictions agreed with experimental data and the GA-ANN with 14 neurons in one hidden layer can predict physiological changes and quality parameters of pomegranate (weight loss, pH, chilling injury index, ion leakage, ethylene, respiration, polyphenols, anthocyanins, and total antioxidant activity) with correlation coefficients equal to 0.87. The ANFIS model was trained by a hybrid method and agreement between experimental data and ANFIS predictions was significant (r = 0.90).     

Effect of apple cultivars and storage periods on the virulence of Neofabraea spp.

Bull’s eye rot is a typical quiescent postharvest apple disease in major fruit-growing areas. The susceptibility of different apple cultivars to Neofabraea spp. (N. vagabunda and N. malicorticis) was assessed, with Granny Smith showing the most resistance and Cripps Pink the most susceptibility. To assess the factors involved in conidial germination, Neofabraea spp. were grown on crude protein extracts (CPEs) collected from apple fruits at different storage periods. Fungal germ tube growth rate and pathogenic enzyme (cellulase and xylanase) activity were assessed. Results showed that CPEs collected after 2 and 4 months of storage progressively stimulated conidial germination and germ tube elongation, while a lesser effect was observed from CPEs after 1 month of storage. Xylanase proved to be the main degrading enzyme secreted by all the isolates, while cellulase was produced only by N. vagabunda isolates. Overall, the isolate ID02 was the most virulent, based on more rapid germ tube elongation and greater activity of the lytic enzymes.     

热空气处理对红富士苹果贮藏品质及其生理指标的影响

采用38℃72h和96h热空气处理红富士苹果，经过16周0℃的冷藏期后，置于货架条件1周。试验结果表明，冷藏期间，与对照组（未经热处理）相比，处理组果实果皮叶绿素含量较低，呼吸强度和乙烯释放量保持较低水平；果实硬度较高，水溶性果胶低，而非水溶性果胶含量较高；可溶性蛋白和热稳定蛋白含量下降缓慢，热稳定蛋白含量在可溶性蛋白中所占比例较高。热空气处理可以较好地保持果肉细胞膜的稳定性，使果实货架期果面底色较黄，固酸比上升，果汁pH值较高，具有较好的外观品质。