Comparative effect of advanced soy products or corn protein concentrate with porcine meal on growth,body composition,and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano,Trachinotus carolinus

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of diets containing advanced soy products (enzyme‐treated soy and fermented soy) or corn protein concentrate (CPC) in combination with porcine meal (PM) to completely replace poultry byproduct meal (PBM) on growth performance, body composition, and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus. Four experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isolipidic, to contain 400 g/kg crude protein and 80 g/kg lipid. A reference diet (PBM diet [PBMD]) contained 150 g/kg PBM and 495 g/kg soybean meal (SBM), and three test diets were formulated replacing PBM with 15 g/kg of CPC (CPC diet [CPCD]) or replacing all SBM and PBM with 535 g/kg fermented soy (fermented soybean meal diet [FSBMD]) or 451.3 g/kg enzyme‐treated soy (enzyme‐treated soybean meal diet [ESBMD]). All three test diets were supplemented with 38 g/kg of PM. Diets were fed based on a percentage of bodyweight adjusted after sampling the fish every 2 weeks to triplicate groups of Florida pompano juveniles (mean weight 8.06 ± 0.22 g). After 8 weeks of feeding, fish fed CPCD and ESBMD performed equally well in terms of final body weight, thermal growth coefficient, and percentage weight gain in comparison to fish fed PBMD. In all cases, feeding FSBMD resulted in poor feed conversion and lower feed intake compared to other treatments. Protein retention efficiency, whole‐body proximate composition, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and zinc contents were not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. The results obtained in the present histological study showed no significant differences in the thickness of serous layer, muscular layer, and submucosal layer of the intestine among treatments. Fish fed CPCD showed a significant widening of the lamina propria with an increase of cellular infiltration and higher presence of goblet cells compared to other dietary treatment. Based on these results, 451 g/kg ESBM or combination of 150 g/kg of CPC and 495 g/kg SBM supplemented with 38 g/kg PM can be utilized to develop a practical diet for juvenile Florida pompano without impacting growth, nutritive parameters, and several distal intestine health parameters.     

同源四倍体及其原二倍体黑皮冬瓜光合光响应模型筛选

为了筛选出最适合黑皮冬瓜Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.的光合光响应模型,为其育种提供理论依据,以同源四倍体及其原二倍体黑皮冬瓜为试验材料,对8种经典的光合光响应模型适用性进行了比较分析。结果表明：二次多项式能够表现出光抑制情况,但在拟合过程中出现暗呼吸速率为正值、光补偿点为负值及无法解释当光强达到饱和后光合速率快速下降的问题;直角双曲线、非直角双曲线及指数函数Ⅰ、指数函数Ⅱ无法直接求取光饱和点、光补偿点,结合常用的光饱和点的计算方法得到的光饱和点与实测值均存在较大的偏差,且指数函数Ⅱ在计算光饱和点时表现出明显的人为性,也无法拟合光抑制情况,但4种模型拟合得到的光补偿点均与实测值相差不大;指数修正模型因系数β为负值,无法求取四倍体黑皮冬瓜材料的光饱和点和最大净光合速率,且拟合得到的四倍体黑皮冬瓜的光补偿点明显低于实测值;直角双曲线修正模型计算得到的暗呼吸速率及二倍体黑皮冬瓜的光饱和点明显低于实测值,但获得的四倍体及其二倍体的最大净光合速率与实测值最接近,说明其在拟合最大净光合速率上有优势;整体上分段函数计算得到的黑皮冬瓜的各光合参数与实测值最为接近,与实测值的平均相对误差最小,也能很好的拟合发生光抑制部分的光响应曲线。分段函数拟合同源四倍体及其原二倍体黑皮冬瓜光合光响应曲线效果较其他模型效果好,分段函数模型为黑皮冬瓜最适合的光合光响应模型。     

箭舌豌豆不同器官对种子产量的贡献

研究了箭舌豌豆不同器官对种子产量的贡献，结果表明：箭舌豌豆种子利用花后光合产物较多，不同器管对箭舌豌豆种子产量的贡献是复叶〉茎〉托叶，叶片对种子产量的贡献与其所在位置有关，花后叶因离荚果较近，其光合产物易于向荚果运输。     

Changes in Endopeptidase Activity during Photosynthetic Declination in Rice Leaf

Two japonica rice varieties, Wuyujing 3 and 97-7, were used to study the changes in contents of soluble protein, free amino acids and endopeptidase activity during photosynthetic declination. The content of soluble protein in flag leaf of cv.Wuyujing 3 was higher than that of cv. 97-7, but decreased rapidly in Wuyujing 3. Free amino acids in flag leaf and the thirteenth leaf of Wuyujing 3 started to increase 10 days before the turning point of photosynthetic declination (TPPD), while it occurred just 1-2 days before TPPD in the flag leaf and the thirteenth leaf of 97-7. During reversible phase of photosynthetic declination,endopeptidase activity remained at a low level and increased slightly only in the later part of this phase. Then it rose up rapidly at irreversible decline phase and reached a very high level. For Wuyujing 3, the change in endopeptidase activity in the thirteenth leaf was parallel to that in flag leaf. However, for 97-7, the rapid increase of endopeptidase activity in the thirteenth leaf started later than that of flag leaf. The results implied that the rate of protein breakdown and conversion to transportable nitrogen in leaves of 97-7 was slower than that in leaves of Wuyujing 3 during photosynthetic declination and it led to relatively lower seed setting rate and fully filling grains rate in 97-7. This may be one of the important reasons why 97-7 could not bring the high yield potentiality into play and the findings may be taken into consideration while breeding for high potential varieties in future.     

外源复合酶对移地保护圈养马来熊日粮营养消化率的影响

利用外源复合酶对移地保护圈养的 9只马来熊日粮营养物质及能量消化率进行了测定 ,经单因子方差分析结果表明 ,在圈养马来熊日粮中添加一定量的外源复合酶 ,能提高马来熊对日粮营养物质的消化率 ,其中 ,添加 0 3%饲料量的酶能显著提高日粮粗蛋白的消化率(P <0 0 5) ;添加 0 5%的酶 ,能显著提高日粮粗纤维、粗蛋白质消化率 (P <0 0 5)。此研究结果可应用于马来熊的饲养中 ,提高其饲料报酬     

鸡实验性急性有机磷中毒血清酶活性变化分析

选取临床健康体质量为0.8±0.07kg的三黄肉鸡24只,随机分成3个试验组和1个对照组,每组6只,其中试验、和组分别皮下一次注射氧乐果攻毒,剂量分别为35mg/kg体质量、70mg/kg体质量和140mg/kg体质量;对照组注射生理盐水。攻毒后系统观察动物急性有机磷中毒症状,采血测定体内胆碱酯酶(CHE)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)以及谷草转氨酶(AST)的活力。试验结果表明:鸡急性有机磷中毒主要表现为精神沉郁,共济失调,口角大量流涎,呼吸困难,严重腹泻和粪便带血等临床症状。攻毒组CHE3活性显著低于对照组,ALP的活性也有所降低,LDH活性升高,但ALT和AST的活性无显著变化。     

补饲不同配方酶制剂对犊牛断奶后生产性能的影响

选择健康无病、6- 7月龄间断奶的公牛犊 30头 ,随机分成 3组 ,即对照组 CK、试验组 TE1和 TE2 ,每组 1 0头。对照 CK组饲喂基础日粮 ;试验 TE1和 TE2 组分别补饲0 .1 %由纤维素酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶与淀粉酶组成的酶制剂 E1和由木聚糖酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶与淀粉酶组成的酶制剂 E2 ;试验 60 d,测定加酶对生产性能的影响。结果表明 ,与 CK组相比 ,TE1组日增重提高 7.51 % (P<0 .0 5) ,混合精料、粗料与增重比各下降 7.0 0 % (P<0 .0 5)、1 .2 3% (P<0 .0 5) ;TE2 组增重提高 4.2 0 % (P<0 .0 5) ,混合精料、粗料与增重比各下降 3.86% (P<0 .0 5)和 0 .31 % (P>0 .0 5) ;试验组犊牛断奶后对粗饲料的适应性有所增强 ;两组酶配方中 ,以纤维素酶为主的 E1效果优于 E2     

左旋肉碱对生长肥育猪消化酶活力的影响

用分别添加0、50和100mg/kg 左旋肉碱 (L—肉碱 )的饲粮 ,饲喂“杜大长”三元猪。试验结束屠宰收集十二指肠内容物、血液和肝脏等样品。实验结果表明 :与对照组相比 ,50、100mg/kg肉碱处理提高或趋向于提高十二指肠内容物总蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活力 ,其中100mg/kg肉碱组显著提高总蛋白酶63.49 % (P<0.05)、淀粉酶活力285.85 % (P<0.05)、脂肪酶活力360.86 % (P<0.01)。肉碱处理刺激肝脏酮体生成 ,促进脂肪酸β-氧化利用 ;50mg/kg和100mg/kg肉碱处理使血清β-羟丁酸分别趋向升高 (P>0.05)和升高27.80 % (P<0.05) ;肝β-羟丁酸浓度提高9.80 % (P<0.05)和16.95 % (P<0.01)。结论 :肉碱处理促进脂肪酸氧化 ,用利于机体蛋白质沉积 ,增加消化酶的分泌 ,提高消化酶活力 ,改善生长肥育猪的消化性能。