从巨噬细胞极化角度分析不同油脂饮食对小鼠腹股沟皮下脂肪组织沉积的影响

为分析两种脂肪供能条件下3种不同油脂饮食对小鼠腹股沟皮下脂肪沉积及其巨噬细胞分型的影响,90只C57BL/6J小鼠被随机分为6组,分别饲喂低脂猪油（Lar-10%）、低脂菜籽油（Rap-10%）、低脂橄榄油（Oli-10%）、高脂猪油（Lar-30%）、高脂菜籽油（Rap-30%）和高脂橄榄油（Oli-30%）,16周后解剖取腹股沟皮下脂肪组织,并对其进行苏木精-伊红染色,活性氧（Reactive oxygen species,ROS）含量检测,M1、M2型巨噬细胞标记物（CD11c和CD206）荧光双染,并通过ELISA检测其含量。结果表明：1）在低脂饮食条件下,三种油脂对小鼠腹股沟皮下脂肪组织重量、脂肪细胞横截面积、腹股沟皮下脂肪ROS含量均无显著影响（P>0.05）;2）随着脂肪供能水平的提高,小鼠腹股沟皮下脂肪沉积显著增加（P<0.05）,在高脂饮食条件下,Lar-30%组的小鼠腹股沟皮下脂肪组织重量显著高于Rap-30%和Oli-30%组（P<0.05）,并且相对于其他两组,Oli-30%组小鼠腹股沟皮下脂肪组织中ROS含量极显著降低（P<0.01）;...     

Edwardsiellosis in farmed turbot,Scophthalmus maximus (L.), associated with an unusual variant of Edwardsiella tarda: a clinical,aetiological and histopathological study

During 2005 and 2010, a survey of edwardsiellosis on eight turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), farms was conducted in China. This report presents the detailed results of the study on this disease. Diseased turbot displayed two distinct types of gross signs: black discoloration of the dorsal skin on the posterior portion of the body; and red cutaneous foci on the ventral side. Internally, the most pronounced clinical signs in all fish examined were enlarged kidneys. The causal agent of the disease was finally proved to be one species of bacterium that was identified as Edwardsiella tarda by physiological and biochemical tests, API 32E and 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis. It is noteworthy that unlike the commonly described E. tarda strains, the isolates in this study were non‐motile strains without flagella. A histopathological study revealed that E. tarda infection was systemic in turbot and that kidney showed the most significant pathological changes, including acute focal necrosis, an influx of macrophages and formation of granuloma. The most common histopathological characteristics of this disease are the proliferation of macrophage in various organs and formation of granuloma. In addition, this article also gave background information on the disease and presented the results of virulence tests with the E. tarda strain identified in this study.     

The Effects of Growth Factor on Testicular Germ Cell Apoptosis in the Stallion

Apoptosis is necessary for both initiation and control of spermatogenesis; however, an increase in apoptosis can lead to subfertility/infertility in stallions, causing substantial financial loss in the equine industry. The ability of stem cell factor (SCF), leukemia-inhibiting factor (LIF), granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and estradiol (E₂), alone or in combination, to prevent apoptosis of germ cells in short-term equine testicular cultures was examined. Testicular tissue was sectioned into approximately 2-mm cubes and placed in media-filled culture chambers. Concentrations of SCF (100 ng/mL), LIF (10 ng/mL), GM-CSF (5 ng/mL), and E₂ (10⁻⁹ mol/l) were added alone or in combination to each well. After 6 hours in culture, the tissue was fixed and immunohistochemically (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling; TUNEL) stained for apoptosis detection. Apoptotic cells per 100 Sertoli cell nuclei within seminiferous tubules were counted until the 500^th Sertoli cell nuclei was reached. This counting procedure was used for each slide. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Tukey's test was used to compare apoptotic rates. In comparison with the control, GM-CSF alone lowered apoptosis by 34.77%. GM-CSF–treated tissue combined with SCF and LIF as well as GM-CSF combined with SCF, LIF, and E₂ reduced apoptosis when compared with the control (37.45% and 44.40%, respectively) or other treatment combinations. GM-CSF alone reduced apoptosis; results suggest possible synergy for the combinations of SCF and LIF with GM-CSF and for E₂ with SCF, LIF, and GM-CSF.     

抗菌肽饲料添加剂对小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响

对试验小鼠饲喂1‰和3‰抗菌肽饲料添加剂,鸡红细胞吞噬试验检测小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能,研究抗菌肽饲料添加剂对小鼠免疫功能的影响.结果表明,抗菌肽饲料添加剂可以显著提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数,增强小鼠非特异性免疫功能.     

猪圆环病毒2型减少猪肺泡巨噬细胞中伪狂犬病疫苗载量和CD80-CD86基因转录

[目的]探明猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)干扰伪狂犬病疫苗(PRV)免疫效果的可能机制.[方法]用PCV2与PRV在体外分别单接种和共接种仔猪肺泡巨噬细胞(AM),在接种后不同时间用荧光定量PCR技术检测PRV载量与共刺激分子CD80-CD86 mRNA水平的动态变化.[结果]PRV组上清中PRV载量在接种后都显著(P＜0.05)高于PCV2+ PRV组.与对照组相比,在接种后48 h内,PRV组CD80 mRNA水平在接种后增加并在48 h时达到显著水平,而PCV2组与PCV2+ PRV组的CD80 mRNA水平都显著减少;在接种后48 h内,CD86 mRNA水平在PRV组都显著增加,在PCV2+ PRV组则都显著减少,但在PCV2组仅在接种后48 h显著减少.[结论]PCV2能够减少猪AM中PRV载量与CD80-CD86基因转录,这可能是PCV2抑制PRV免疫效果的机制之一.     

蝉花宝牌蝉花片免疫功能评价

将蝉花宝牌蝉花片(商品名)设低、中、高3个剂量组,分别相当人体推荐量的5、10、30倍,同时设阴性对照组(1%羧甲基纤维素钠),连续1个月经口给予小鼠不同剂量的样品,进行迟发型超敏反应(DTH)、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞、抗体生成细胞检测、自然杀伤(NK)细胞杀伤活性和脾淋巴细胞转化等实验,以评估其免疫功能。结果表明,与阴性对照组比较,受试3个剂量组足跖肿胀度极显著增加(P0.01);中、高剂量组溶血空斑数和血清溶血素抗体积数值均极显著增加(P0.01),腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率、吞噬指数显著增加(P0.05,P0.01);高剂量组NK细胞活性显著升高(P0.05)。蝉花宝牌蝉花片(商品名)具有显著的免疫调节功能。     

Anti-inflammatory activities of cucurbitacin E isolated from Citrullus lanatus var. citroides: role of reactive nitrogen species and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibition

The in vivo and in vitro mechanistic anti-inflammatory actions of cucurbitacin E (CE) (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) were examined. The results showed that LPS/INF-γ increased NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages, whereas L-NAME and CE curtailed it. CE did not reveal any cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 and WRL-68 cells. CE inhibited both COX enzymes with more selectivity toward COX-2. Intraperitoneal injection of CE significantly suppressed carrageenan-induced rat's paw edema. ORAC and FRAP assays showed that CE is not a potent ROS scavenger. It could be concluded that CE is potentially useful in treating inflammation through the inhibition of COX and RNS but not ROS.     

Cellular and humoral immune responses of Senegalese sole,Solea senegalensis (Kaup), following challenge with two Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida strains from different geographical origins

The present study aimed to investigate leucocyte responses to inflammation as well as some innate immune parameters of Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis, following challenge with two strains of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida belonging to the European and Japanese clones described for this bacterium. Pathogenicity assays were performed to assess the virulence of each Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida strain for sole. Subsequently, fish were intraperitoneally injected with phosphate‐buffered saline (control) or two concentrations (2 × 10² and 2 × 10⁶ CFU mL^?1) of each bacterial strain and sampled after 6 and 24 h. Results showed that the European isolate induces a higher degree of response than the Japanese strain. While blood neutrophilia and monocytosis correlated well with the increase in neutrophil and macrophage numbers in the peritoneal cavity, fish infected with the European isolate presented higher peritoneal cell numbers than fish challenged with the Japanese strain. In addition, alternative complement pathway activity and respiratory burst of head kidney leucocytes increased significantly in fish infected with the European isolate. The enhanced innate immune response displayed by Senegalese sole challenged with the European isolate is probably due to the higher degree of virulence presented by this Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida strain.     

牛磺胆酸对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞钙调素基因表达的影响

目的:观察牛磺胆酸(Taurocholate Acid,TCA)对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞钙调素(calmodulin,CaM)基因表达的影响,探讨TCA对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的作用机制.方法:分离培养小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,应用荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测TCA对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞CaM mRNA表达的影响.结果:与LPS刺激组相比较,高剂量(15μg/mL)和低剂量(0.15μg/mL)的TCA组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞CaM mRNA的表达均显著高于LPS刺激组(P＜0.05).结论:TCA能显著促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞CaM mRNA的表达.