玉树独一味异型花柱对结实率影响的初步研究

[目的]研究独一味异型花柱对结实率的影响.[方法]通过对独一味异型花柱在花序中不同位置和不同花期中的分布、盛花期异型花柱花部特征参数、异型花柱中花粉活力及柱头活性差异及花粉管在柱头上的萌发、花序不同部位自然结实率方面的研究,探讨独一味异型花柱与结实率的相关性.[结果]独一味L型花柱上花粉的萌发高于S型,L型花柱的位置和结实种子的位置具有一致性.[结论]独一味异型花柱与结实存在一定的相关性.     

连翘异型花柱植株花芽生长发育与传粉习性研究

为探究异型花柱连翘（长花柱和短花柱）花芽分化与生长发育差异及其传粉习性,利用石蜡切片技术观察连翘花芽分化及发育过程,并进行了授粉试验。5月中旬连翘新梢萌发时,分别取长为1、2、3、4、5和6 mm的异型花柱连翘花芽并制作石蜡切片,对连翘植株的花芽结构进行观察和拍照。连翘花期进行自交、同型与异型杂交授粉试验。结果表明：连翘花芽分化及花器官生长发育过程包括花芽分化期、休眠期、花芽萌动与膨大期、鳞片脱落期、现蕾期、露冠期、开花期;其中花芽分化期可划分为分化初期、萼片原基分化期、花冠原基分化期、雄蕊和雌蕊原基分化期、雌雄蕊形成期、花粉粒形成期。开花前1年异型花柱连翘的花芽分化及发育无明显区别;开花当年花芽外层鳞片脱落后,观察到长花柱伸长并明显超过其雄蕊高度,花丝开始发育,而短花柱发育基本完成,花丝快速伸长并超过其花柱。授粉试验结果表明,连翘异型杂交坐果率大于50%,同型杂交坐果率略大于20%,自交坐果率在5%左右,具有自交不亲和的特性。     

Breeding behaviour of Solanum khasianum Clarke

Summary In nature, Solanum khasianum Clarke (syn. S. varium Dunal) is a self pollinated plant. However, artificial cross pollination is feasible when pollination is done around the time of anthesis, which is between 09.30 and 10.00. Due to prevalence of heterostyly bud selection has to be highly specific.     

连翘叶绿体基因组特征分析

为探究连翘叶绿体基因组特征及该属物种的系统进化发育关系,利用高通量测序技术对连翘长花柱与短花柱植株叶绿体基因组进行测序和功能注释,利用PCR对高通量测序结果进行验证.结果 显示:连翘长花柱与短花柱植株叶绿体基因组全长均为156386 bp,为典型的四段式结构.连翘叶绿体基因组注释到114个基因,包括80个蛋白编码基因,...     

Breeding and combining ability of heterostylous genotypes for hybrid seed production in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

Summary A subjective rating scale was used to select tomato inbreds with inserted stigmas (inserted) for crossing with inbreds possessing exserted stigmas (exserted) in a combining a bility study. Six inserted parents were inbred to F₅ or F₆, but were not stable for stigma position in most cases. The exserted x inserted hybrids were all slightly exserted and it appeared stigma exsertion was incompletely dominant to stigma insertion. No reciprocal cross differences were detected for stigma position indicating the absence of cytoplasmic inheritance. There was no clear relationship between hybrid stigma positions and the level of insertion of the inserted parents. Stigma insertion was more consistently detrimental to fruit set than was stigma exsertion. Hybrids were either heterotic or dominant for yield.The inability to attain hybrids with standard stigma positions by crossing exserted x inserted genotypes could limit fruit-set under some environmental conditions. Furthermore, difficulty in breeding stable inserted lines and the incomplete dominance of exserted over inserted genotypes limits the feasibility of using heterostyly alone for producing reliable hybrids.Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Article No. 166-78.     

连翘长花柱与短花柱植株花粉形态特征和花中化学成分比较

以连翘(Forsythia suspense)长花柱和短花柱植株的花为试验材料,采用扫描电镜对花粉形态进行观察,采用高效液相色谱法测定花中6种化学成分的含量,采用福林酚比色法测定花中总多酚含量。结果表明,连翘花粉粒形状主要呈长球形、近球形和纺锤形。极面观多近圆形或三裂圆形,三条萌发沟延伸达两极,表面网状纹饰。生长环境对花粉粒大小的影响不显著。短花柱型植株的花粉粒极轴长和赤道轴长分别显著高于长花柱型的(P0.05)。环境对长、短花柱花中化学成分均有较大影响;长花柱型花中松脂醇–β–D–葡萄糖苷的含量显著高于短花柱型花(P0.05)。     

花柱异型研究进展

花柱异型是受遗传控制的多态现象,包括二型花柱和三型花柱2种。根据国内外大量的参考文献和结合自身研究成果,对花柱异型植物的种类、特征、分布与进化进行了全面地综述。目前已发现至少有30科193属被子植物中含花柱异型植物,占有花植物的1％~2％。花柱异型植物在形态上除了雌雄蕊高度的异位外,还伴随有花粉数量、大小,花药大小、颜色,柱头的形状、突起高度、密度、分布的多样性;在生理上常有异配不亲和系统,但在特定的情况下又表现出不同的可育性。其发生具有独立的起源,但在不同情况下可以向同型花柱、不完全无配子生殖或雌雄异株方向演化。花柱异型现被认为是减少性别干扰和避免自交传粉的一种方式。通过分子技术和生态学方法,将野外观察和生物统计有机结合起来仍是今后研究的一个重点。对花柱异型的研究可为植物的生殖发育与进化、珍稀种质资源的保护和利用、生物之间的协同进化提供新的视角和启示。