不同类型花椰菜硫代葡萄糖苷组分与含量分析

采用HPLC法测定了3种类型15个花椰菜品种的硫代葡萄糖苷(Glucosinolates,简称硫苷)组分及含量。结果表明:供试花椰菜品种均含有9种硫苷,包括5种脂肪族硫苷:3-甲基硫氧烯丙基硫苷(Glucoiberin,IBE)、2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷(Progoitrin,PRO)、2-丙烯基硫苷(Sinigrin,SIN)、4-甲基硫氧丁基硫苷(Glucoraphanin,RAA)和3-丁烯基硫苷(Gluconapin,NAP);4种吲哚族硫苷:4-羟基吲哚基-3-甲基硫苷(4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin,4OH)、3-甲基吲哚基硫苷(Glucobrassicin,GBC)、4-甲氧基吲哚基-3-甲基硫苷(4-Methoxyglucobrassicin,4ME)和1-甲氧基吲哚基-3-甲基硫苷(Neoglucobrassicin,NEO)。各品种的吲哚族硫苷总含量均高于脂肪族硫苷总含量,其中NEO和GBC是花椰菜的主要硫苷组分,分别占总硫苷含量的42.61%和35.02%。不同花椰菜品种的硫苷总含量差异较大,变异范围在0.3323~4.8728μmol·g-1(FW)之间;紫花菜的总硫苷含量最高,松花菜其次,紧花菜最低。     

菜籽粕中芥子酸和硫甙对异育银鲫生长和生理机能的影响

使用含“双高”菜籽粕 (硫甙和芥子酸含量分别为 1 8 9g·kg-1 和 0 2 1g·kg-1 )和“双低”菜籽粕 (硫甙和芥子酸含量分别为 3 2 5g·kg-1 和 0 0 5g·kg-1 )的饲料喂养异育银鲫 ,探讨菜籽粕中硫甙和芥子酸两种毒物对异育银鲫的生理机能和生长速度的影响。供试验鱼 1 2 0尾 ,平分为 4组 ,Ⅰ组 (对照组 )饲喂含 4 5 %“双高”菜籽粕的饲料 ,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别饲喂含“双高” 30 %和“双低” 1 5 %、“双高” 1 5 %和“双低” 30 %、“双低” 4 5 %菜籽粕的饲料。经 4 0d饲养表明 ,随“双低”菜籽粕比例增高 ,鱼类增重率和饲料效率明显提高 ,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的增重率分别比对照组提高 35 5 4 %、5 2 98%和 6 5 1 7% ,饲料效率分别提高 4 3 0 1 %、 4 5 31 %和 6 0 33% ,均达显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组之间的饲料效率和增重率均无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。在肝体比方面各组间差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ,并且这种差异与性别相关。随着硫甙和芥子酸含量增加 ,鱼类耐低氧能力也有所下降     

“双低”油菜品种对比试验初报

【目的】为充分利用一季中稻区的农田资源,并筛选出适合柳州市中稻区特别是中稻蓄留再生稻区推广种植的高产、优质油菜新品种。【方法】以花油3号为对照品种,对引进的11个油菜品种进行田间种植观察。分小区种植,随机区组排列,3次重复,观察测定农艺性状、菌核病发病率、抗倒性和产量等性状。【结果】参试油菜品种的成熟期均较对照迟,全生育期也均较长。除美国油王999成熟期长势不一致外,其余品种苗期、抽薹期、成熟期一致性均较好。川油18号、中双8号和美国油王999抗倒性强,其余品种抗倒性较弱或中等。川油18号和川审油41号千粒重较高,分别为4．06和3．87g。产量较高的品种有川油18号、国审豫油5号、绵油杂11号、川审油41号等。【结论】川油18号、绵油杂11号、川审油41号、国审豫油5号、中油杂8号等5个参试品种综合表现较好,可作为柳州市中稻区冬季种植油菜推广或备选品种。     

超高效液相色谱法测定拟南芥芥子油苷

将已有的拟南芥芥子油苷高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测方法转换为超高效液相色谱(UPLC)方法,通过条件优化改进,建立拟南芥芥子油苷UPLC检测方法。该方法采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm),以超纯水和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.40 mL·min-1,检测波长229 nm,进样量5μL,内标为苯甲基芥子油苷。利用此方法测得样品的日内和日间精密度均小于9.62%,用此方法与HPLC法测定生长10周的拟南芥莲座叶中各种芥子油苷组分含量一致。方法简单、快速、准确,适用于拟南芥芥子油苷组分及含量的分析。     

植物硫代葡萄糖苷-黑芥子酶底物酶系统

硫代葡萄糖苷-黑芥子酶系统是十字花科植物中一种特有的底物酶系统.在植物体内,硫代葡萄糖苷存在于液泡中,而黑芥子酶分布在特定的黑芥子酶细胞中.在细胞内,黑芥子酶往往与黑芥子酶结合蛋白和黑芥子酶协助蛋白形成黑芥子酶复合体催化硫代葡萄糖苷的水解.当植物组织受到损伤时,硫代葡萄糖苷与黑芥子酶直接接触,并使硫代葡萄糖苷水解为异硫氰酸、腈等有毒物质来保护自身免遭食草动物进一步的伤害.     

两品种芜菁中芥子油苷含量的比较分析

采用HPLC方法测定“红圆”芜菁(HY)和“白玉”芜菁(BY)肉质根和叶片中芥子油苷(GS)成分和含量.结果表明:不同品种芜菁以及同一品种不同部位中芥子油苷(简称GS)含量差别较大.在“红圆”芜菁肉质根中检测出11种GS,在其叶片中检测出9种GS;“红圆”根中主要为苯乙基GS和2-羟基-3-丁烯基GS,分别占总硫苷的37.2％和20.9％,根中总GS含量是叶中的2.1倍.在“白玉”芜菁肉质根中检测出9种GS,主要GS种类为3-丁烯基GS和苯乙基GS,分别占总GS的65.6％和23.4％；在“白玉”芜菁叶片中含8种GS,不合有苯乙基GS,“白玉”叶中GS总量是根中含量的1.2倍.     

A rapid chromatographic method for determining the glucosinolate content in crambe seed

Crambe abyssinica is becoming a reliable source of industrial oil with good technical characteristics because of its high erucic acid content. The possibility of using the industrial defatted meal of crambe as a feed could further promote the interest in this crop, but is prevented by the high glucosinolate content (70‐150 μmol/g). Therefore the possibility of reducing this parameter by selection was evaluated and a search for a new quick analytical procedure begun. When hydrolysed by myrosinase (thioglucoside glucohydrolase EC 3.2.3.1.), at pH 6.5 or higher, epiprogoitrin, the main glucosinolate in crambe seed (>90% of total glucosinolates), gives (5R)‐5‐vinyl‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐2‐thione quantitatively. The latter can be easily estimated by high‐performance liquid chromatography. This is the background of the proposed analytical procedure that permits rapid analysis of about 100 samples per day using about 25 mg of crambe meal (five seeds) for assay. The method can also be used to select for glucosinolate content in rapeseed and, probably with some adjustment, all crops that have a 2‐hydroxy‐glucosinolate as the main glucosinolate.     

Glucosinolate content in interspecific crosses of Brassica carinata with B. juncea and B. napus

Brassica carinata A. Braun is a highly productive oilseed crop in the Ethiopian highlands, but the seed has a high 2-propenyl glucosinolate content, which is undesirable. The objective of this study was to introgress, through interspecific crosses, genes for low 2-propenyl glucosinolate content from the B genome of B. juncea and C genome of B. napus into the B. carinata B and C genomes and thus develop low glucosinolate B. carinata. The cross [(B. carinata×B. juncea) ×B. carinata] yielded plants that contained only ～ 20 μmoles of 2-propenyl glucosinolate, which was an 85% reduction compared with levels in B. carinata seed. Plants of the [(B. carinata×B. napus) ×B. carinata] cross had normal high concentrations of 2-propenyl glucosinolate. Backcross plants of both interspecific crosses also contained 3-butenyl and 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl glucosinolates. The results of these crosses suggested that genes for glucosinolate synthesis were located on B genome chromosomes of B. carinata because B. napus C genome introgressions did not result in reductions of total glucosinolate contents. The total alkenyl glucosinolate content of one F₃ family of the B. juncea backcross was similar to that of the B. juncea parent. It was concluded that through further selection in this family, B. carinata plants could be identified that would be basically free of 2-propenyl glucosinolate, and have a low total alkenyl glucosinolate content.     

Quality assessment of rapeseed accessions by means of near-infrared spectroscopy on combine harvesters

Optimization of data collection processes in plant breeding programmes is of the highest importance for plant breeders. In rapeseed-breeding, data collection and selection must be carried out in a very restricted period of time because of the short time span between harvesting and sowing. Near-infrared spectroscopy on combine harvesters (NOCH) improves the data collection processes in breeding programmes of grain crops such as maize, and it may also improve the data collection processes in breeding programmes of rapeseed. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of NOCH for the determination of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), oil and glucosinolate (GSL) contents in rapeseed. A plot combine harvester equipped with a near-infrared diode-array spectrometer was used. Reference values for DM content were determined by the oven method. Reference values for the quality traits were established by laboratory near-infrared spectroscopy. NOCH showed a high potential for the determination of DM, CP, oil, and GSL contents. Use of NOCH in breeding may increase the efficiency of data collection processes and might dramatically accelerate the development of rapeseed cultivars.