甘蓝型双低隐性核不育杂交种沪油杂1号的选育

沪油杂1号(原编号SH-19)是利用隐性上位互作核雄性不育系20118A育成的甘蓝型双低杂交油菜品种.20118A的育性由2对隐性重叠基因和1对隐性上位基因控制,基因型为aabbRfRf,临保系的基因型为aabbrfrf,恢复系的基因型为AA__或__BB__.沪油杂1号种子含油量42.43%,芥酸含量0.62%,硫甙含量24.23μmol/g.在上海市油菜区域试验中平均产量2 243.3kg/hm2,比双高对照汇油50增产11.9%,比双低对照沪油15增产3.8%;在上海市油菜生产试验中平均产量2 244.0kg/hm2,分别比对照汇油50增产33.6%,比对照沪油15增产15.9%.     

Molecular mapping of soybean seed tocopherols in the cross ‘OAC Bayfield’ × ‘OAC Shire’

Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is cultivated primarily for its protein and oil in the seed. In addition, soybean seeds contain nutraceutical compounds such as tocopherols (vitamin E), which are powerful antioxidants with health benefits. The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affect accumulation of soybean seed tocopherols. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross ‘OAC Bayfield’ × ‘OAC Shire’ was grown in three locations over 2 years. A total of 151 SSR markers were polymorphic of which a one‐way analysis of variance identified 42 markers whereas composite interval mapping identified 26 markers linked to tocopherol QTL across 17 chromosomes. Individual QTL explained from 7% to 42% of the total phenotypic variation. Significant two‐locus epistatic interactions were identified for a total of 122 combinations in 2009 and 152 in 2010. The multiple‐locus models explained 18.4–72.2% of the total phenotypic variation. The reported QTL may be used in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) to develop high tocopherol soybean cultivars.     

特早熟大麦5199的特早穗性遗传

５１９９是一抽穗期比一般早熟大麦品种早２０ｄ左右的特早熟棱皮大麦,对４个杂交组合６个世代（Ｆ１、Ｆ２、Ｂ１、Ｂ２、Ｐ１、Ｐ２）的抽穗期挂牌观察分析结果表明,大麦的出苗至抽穗天数及有效积温至少受３对效应大小不同,且存在互作效应的主效基因控制,迟穗性对早穗性呈部分生,基因累加效应起主导作用,５１９９的特早穗性受３对存在隐生上生效应的隐性基因控制,与其它主要目标性状无明显的负向关联。     

水稻种子低氧发芽力的QTL定位和上位性分析

利用35份水稻品种资源,评价了在不同水深、温度等低氧条件下的种子萌发情况,表明水温30℃、水深0.2 m下黑暗萌发5 d为最佳鉴定方法,并以此条件下水稻种子萌发的芽长为鉴定指标,评价了359份水稻品种低氧发芽力地区间、籼粳间的差异。进一步利用81个Kinmaze/DV85 重组自交系群体进行了水稻低氧发芽力数量性状位点分析, 在第1、2、5、7染色体上检测到5 个低氧发芽力QTL,其中第5染色体上存在2个QTL,各QTL的贡献率为10.5%～19.6%。同时进行上位性分析,检测到3对互作位点,分别位于第2、3、5、11染色体上,其中位于第3染色体上标记C563-X182之间的位点与第5染色体上标记R830-X208之间的位点的互作贡献率高达48.78%。     

转录组及代谢组联合解析茄子果色上位遗传效应

【目的】茄子果色与商品果外观品质和价值密切相关,花青素是决定茄子果色的重要天然色素之一。通过基因表达和代谢物差异比较,解析上位基因互作调控茄子果皮花青素合成的作用机制,为不同果色茄子选育提供理论基础。【方法】以花青素合成结构基因ANS突变的白果色母本19141、花青素合成关键调控基因MYB1突变的白果色父本19147及其紫红果色F1代E3316茄子为试验材料,对商品果期果皮进行转录组测序和广靶代谢组分析。【结果】转录组测序分析表明,19141＿vs＿19147的差异表达基因（DEGs）最多,其次是E3316＿vs＿19141,两个比较组DEGs均在类黄酮途径富集程度最高;E3316＿vs＿19147筛选到的DEGs最少,未在类黄酮途径富集。广靶代谢组共检测分析到218个代谢物。E3316＿vs＿19141共检测到差异代谢物（DAMs）113个,E3316＿vs＿19147共检测到差异代谢物98个。转录组和代谢组联合分析发现花青素生物合成关键结构基因CHS、CHI、F3H、DFR和ANS,关键调节基因MYB1、AN1和AN11,修饰基因3GT、5GT、AT和OMT,还有转运基因AN9(G...     

甘蓝型油菜细胞核雄性不育材料9012A的发现与初步研究

作者在甘蓝型油菜中发现了一类新的细胞核雄性不育材料9012A,其不育性状受两对隐性重叠不育基因和一对隐性上位可育基因互作控制,上位可育基因呈纯合隐性状态时,对隐性不育基因起上位抑制作用。根据其遗传原理,可选育到两类育性分离比稳定在1:1的核不育两用系,实现二系法制种,同时,还可选育到上位临时保持系,实行核不育三系制种。在甘蓝型油菜中至少存在两套不同的隐性重叠不育基因,彼此独立控制不育性。本文还讨论了存在于9012A 中的纯合隐性上位可育基因的广义性。9012A 恢复源广,品质性状,农艺性状优良,可望成为优质杂交油菜选育的重要基础材料。     

谷子显性恢复基因的AFLP分析

赤峰显性核不育谷子是在谷子中首次发现的核不育材料,该材料的育性受2对核显性基因互作控制,一对是显性核不育基因Msch,另一对是显性上位育性恢复基因Rf。两者共同存在时显性上位育性恢复基因Rf能抑制显性核不育基因Msch的表达,从而表现可育。利用已构建的不育基因Msch的上位育性恢复基因Rf的近等基因系(NILs)为材料,通过对300对AFLP引物组合进行筛选,找到了与显性上位育性恢复基因Rf紧密连锁的2个AFLP标记(E15/M52和E20/M41),与不育基因的遗传距离分别是7.0c M和12.7 c M,而且位于不育基因的同一侧,标记间相距5.7 c M。     

应用分子标记检测水稻耐盐性的QTL

 利用特三矮2号/CB组合构建了重组自交系群体(RI)。以60个RFLP标记检测142个纯系的基因型。在含有NaCl的电导率为12 dS/m的培养液中鉴定这些纯系的耐盐性。结果表明,RI群体的耐盐性出现超亲分离。构建了一张覆盖11条染色体、含52个标记位点的连锁图。仅检测到一个位于第5染色体的位点(RG13)显著与耐盐性有连锁。该位点的表型贡献率为11.6%。来自母本的该位点可提高耐盐性。分别对RG13与其它59个标记位点间的互作做检测,仅发现3对互作显著,即RG13×RG104; RG13×RG143; RG13×RG716。当来自母本的RG13分别与来自父本的RG104和RG143重组时,均明显提高耐盐性。分别来自母本的RG13和RG716能产生提高耐盐性的互作。这些基因互作结果为超亲分离提供了理论依据。     

Identification of quantitative trait loci with main and epistatic effects for plant architecture traits in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Plant architecture is important for cotton cultivation and breeding. In this study, two mapping generations/populations F₂ and F_2:3 in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), derived from ‘Baimian1’ and TM‐1, were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for 10 plant architecture traits. A total of 55 main‐effect QTLs (M‐QTLs) were detected. Four common M‐QTLs, qTFB‐10(F₂/F_2:3) for total fruit branches, qFBL‐26b(F₂)/qFBL‐26(F_2:3) for fruit branch length, qFBA‐5(F₂/F_2:3) for fruit branch angle and qFBN‐26b(F₂)/qFBN‐26(F_2:3) for fruit branch nodes, were found. The synergistic alleles and the negative alleles can be utilized in cotton plant architecture breeding programmes according to specific breeding objectives. Altogether 54 pairs of epistatic QTLs (E‐QTLs) exhibiting the interactions of additive‐by‐additive (AA), additive‐by‐dominant (AD), dominant‐by‐additive (DA) and dominant‐by‐dominant (DD) were detected. The epistasis appeared to be an important contributor to genetic variation in cotton plant architecture traits. Therefore, the identified markers associated with E‐QTLs as well as M‐QTLs will be of importance in future breeding programmes to develop cotton cultivars exhibiting desirable plant architecture.