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1.
Large‐scale patterns of fish diversity and assemblage structure in the longest tropical river in Asia
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Although the Mekong River is one of the world's 35 biodiversity hot spots, the large‐scale patterns of fish diversity and assemblage structure remain poorly addressed. This study aimed to investigate the fish distribution patterns in the Lower Mekong River (LMR) and to identify their environmental determinants. Daily fish catch data (i.e. from December 2000 to November 2001) at 38 sites distributed along the LMR were related to 15 physicochemical and 19 climatic variables. As a result, four different clusters were defined according to the similarity in assemblage composition and 80 indicator species were identified. While fish species richness was highest in the Mekong delta and lowest in the upper part of the LMR, the diversity index was highest in the middle part of the LMR and lowest in the delta. We found that fish assemblages changed along the environmental gradients and that the main drivers affecting the fish assemblage structure were the seasonal variation of temperature, precipitation, dissolved oxygen, pH and total phosphorus. Specifically, upstream assemblages were characterised by cyprinids and Pangasius catfish, well suited to low temperature, high dissolved oxygen and high pH. Fish assemblages in the delta were dominated by perch‐like fish and clupeids, more tolerant to high temperatures, and high levels of nutrients (nitrates and total phosphorus) and salinity. Overall, the patterns were consistent between seasons. Our study contributes to establishing the first holistic fish community study in the LMR. 相似文献
2.
LIJing LIRui ZHENGFen-li 《水土保持研究》2004,11(4):174-176
Erosion and transport of soil has worldwide implications for agriculture, landscape stability, climate, natural hazards, and clean, renewable resources of water and air. Assured access to clean water and a healthy and safe environment requires an ethic of conservation and protection. The minimum scale in which these principles apply successfully is basin wide. These are the fundamental concerns of the Sino-US Centers for Soil and Water Conservation and Environmental Protection. 相似文献
3.
提出了一种在线测量混炼胶粘度的新方法.该方法以模糊建模技术为基础,综合考虑混炼过程各因素对胶料粘度的影响,建立起胶料粘度的在线测量模型.在模糊建模中,采用T-S模型描述胶料粘度变化的非线性过程,提出了一种基于相似性判别的模糊聚类算法以自动确定合适的聚类组数目,并用实数编码的遗传算法优化全局参数,从而获得了规则简化的、具有较高精度的模糊模型.根据此方法,设计了测量装置,并进行了现场试验.试验结果表明模糊模型输出与实验室测量值基本一致,平均误差较低且最大误差未超过1门尼.该方法较大地提高了橡胶混炼的生产效率,为粘度最优控制奠定了基础. 相似文献
4.
Landscape modeling requires the delineation of system boundaries and interior features. Quite often, these components are
complex and difficult to accurately represent. A rectangular grid is used to represent the study and adjacent non-study areas
in most cases. When the non-study area occupies a large portion of the grid, computer memory is wasted, and computational
time increases. An elliptical grid generator for non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates is used to generate a boundary-fitted
grid for a landscape model. In a boundary-fitted grid coordinate system, one coordinate axis follows the landscape domain
boundary and is non-orthogonal to the second axis. The boundary-fitted grid uses elliptic partial differential equations to
distribute grid points inside the landscape domain. Although the boundary-fitted grid follows the domain boundary, the grid
pattern and point allocation remain structured. Thus, a landscape model can use a boundary-fitted grid without changing the
model’s data structure or the computational scheme. In this study, a boundary-fitted grid and a raster-based grid were applied
to the Everglades Landscape Fire Model. Use of the boundary-fitted grid decreased model simulation time by about one fifth
and computer storage by 58% relative to the raster-based grid. Also, the linear characteristics of interior geographical features
such as rivers and airboat trails were preserved by the boundary-fitted grid, but not by the raster-based grid. This preservation
provided a more reasonable base map for simulating ecological processes, such as fire across heterogenous landscapes. 相似文献
5.
介绍了开发区大气、水环境容量计算及管理方法,并以湖南城陵矶经济技术开发区为例,初步了方法的具体应用和有关细节处理,所介绍的方法将对其他类似开发区大气、水环境容量的计算及管理起到一定的借鉴和指导作用。 相似文献
6.
DONOSO Leonito Acosta 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2005,(1)
The Luntiang Kamaynilaan Project (Metro ManilaGreening Project) launched in 1988 planted trees inmajor thoroughfares, center islands, school premisesand other idle public lands, was basically a governmenteffort. When the funds ran out, the project also fizzledout. In both projects however, it is evident that the keyfactor is peoples participation.Gaining lessons from the past two projects, thegovernment established a collaborative effort ofgovernment and non-government organizations. TheCl… 相似文献
7.
楼梯面的智能化建模问题是建筑、装饰等行业的热点问题.以AutoCAD VBA作为开发工具.给出几种楼梯面可视化参数快速建模方法,并对楼梯面的生成算法进行了探讨.使楼梯面模型的设计更具敏捷化、智能化和可交互性.开发的设计程序可作为AutoCAD命令嵌入到的AutoCAD绘图软件中.以提高用户的设计效率。 相似文献
8.
畜牧业生产中的环境污染及治理对策 总被引:22,自引:3,他引:19
本文阐述了畜牧业生产中产生的畜禽粪尿、有机废水等废弃物对环境造成的污染,探讨了治理畜牧业污染的措施,提出了发展生态畜牧业的思路。 相似文献
9.
从不同角度评述了森林在哈尼族传统人居环境体系中的作用和地位,阐述了未来山区村镇发展中保留周边森林的重要性。 相似文献
10.