植物生长延缓剂DPC对棉叶生理功能的调节作用

在大田条件下,对棉花从蕾期至盛花期连续数次施用 DPC(缩节安),可使棉叶自幼龄至衰老的全生育过程,始终保持较高的叶绿素含量、较高的叶绿素 a,b 含量及 a/b 值;在叶片定形前,DPC 处理的棉叶可溶性蛋白质含量低于对照,以后始终高于对照;DPC 降低了不同日龄叶片及不同叶位叶片的气孔阻力,提高了光合速率,两者呈负相关。     

毒死蜱对淡水原生动物群落的急性毒性

以PFU法采集淡水中原生动物群落为试验对象对毒死蜱急性毒性进行研究。结果表明,毒死蜱对原生动物群落的48h-LC50为8.54mg·L-1,原生动物群落结构参数和功能参数随毒死蜱的加入量的增加而变化,植鞭毛虫种类数减少,优势种均为B类原生动物。以单种生物为试验对象对农药毒性的评价缺少环境真实性,而用微型生物群落则更接近自然环境,更有现实意义。     

The responses of photosynthetic capacity,chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content of nectarine (Prunus persica var. Nectarina Maxim) to greenhouse and field grown conditions

Three nectarine (Prunus persica var. Nectarina Maxim.) cultivars grown under solar-heated greenhouse and open-field in northwest China, were tested to evaluate their photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence response to both growth conditions, and whether nectarine plants acclimate to the solar-heated greenhouse growth condition. Comparisons of light-saturated photosynthetic capacity (Amax) and CO₂-saturated photosynthetic capacity (RuBPmax) indicated that each cultivar (Z, Zao-Hongzhu; H, Hua-Guang; Y, Yan-Guang) maintained similar rates of light-saturated and CO₂-saturated carbon assimilation when grown in both conditions. The curve of diurnal variation of net photosynthetic (P_N) rate showed double peaks in open-field but single when grown in greenhouse. Compared with open-field-grown plants, a significant increase of daily average P_N was found in Z but decreased in Y in greenhouse. The diurnal variation of F_v/F_m indicate that plants grown in greenhouse experience less photoinhibition than in open-field condition. A reduction in chlorophyll (chl) a/b ratio in leaves of greenhouse grown plants with significant increase in chlorophyll (chl) b content were obtained. The results suggest that some nectarine cultivars have the ability to acclimate to the solar-heated greenhouse growth condition.     

低温胁迫对圆叶决明的伤害及施用Ca肥防护效果的研究

圆叶决明在0℃低温下分别胁迫6、12、18、24 h后,叶片叶绿素总量较对照(25℃)下降21.89%、26.04%、28.16%、29.31%,可溶性蛋白质含量、H₂O₂含量和·O^-₂净产生速率随胁迫时间增加,活性氧清除酶SOD的活性随胁迫时间先上升后下降。施Ca²⁺处理可明显降低圆叶决明叶片·O^-₂净产生速率、H₂O₂含量和细胞质膜的电解质渗透率,同时提高了叶绿素含量和抑制活性氧的产生,其中以0.5 mmol/L浓度的CaCl₂处理效果为最佳,说明Ca²⁺对低温胁迫下圆叶决明的膜结构起有效的保护作用。     

利用栖息地指数预测西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场

西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼是我国鱿钓船船队重要的捕捞对象,准确预测中心渔场可以为科学地指导渔业生产提供依据。根据2000-2005年1-5月主渔汛期间我国鱿钓船队在西南大西洋海域的鱿钓生产数据,结合遥感获得的表温及叶绿素a数据,分别将作业次数百分比和单位渔船日产量作为适应性指数。利用算术平均法建立基于表温和叶绿素a因子的栖息地指数（HSI）模型。利用2005年1-5月生产数据及环境资料对HSI模型进行验证,分析认为作业渔场主要分布在HSI大于0.6海域,其作业次数比重达到76％以上,各月平均日产量均在7.2 t/d以上。研究表明,基于表温和叶绿素a的HSI模型能较好预测西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼中心渔场,预报准确率在70％以上。