Effects of Three Drugs on Membrane Metabolism Against Cysticerci cellulosae in vitro

To investigate the effects and mechanisms of the benzimidazole carbamate and benmidine drugs on Cysticerci cellulosae and choose effective drugs on Cysticerci cellulosae, the membrane metabolism of Cysticerci cellulosae in vitro was tested after three kinds of drugs which were used respectively. The indexes included the contents of lipids, the contents of SA and the changes of the membrane fluidity. The results showed that oxfendazole could inhibit the membrane metabolism of immature and mature Cysticerci cellulosae in vitro, and albendazole only inhibited the mature one, while thibendimidine neither acted on the immature nor mature one.     

蔬菜农药残留快速检测中易出现的问题与对策

介绍蔬菜中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留快速检测方法的原理,指出实际检测过程巾易出现的问题,并针对这些问题提出相应的解决措施,总结出检测操作中的几点注意事项,以减小误差、避免失误,提高检测结果的可信度。     

基于阵列芯片现场高灵敏同步快速检测粮油中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留混合污染

The quality and safety of agricultural products is the technique focus of the strategy of rural vitaliza⁃tion. Carbamate pesticide residues are seriously threatening the safety of agricultural product and human life and health. Nowadays, the common detection methods are instrument-based for carbamate pesticide residue, which dis⁃ satisfy the request of an on-site rapid, sensitive and simultaneous detection for multiple carbamate pesticide resi⁃ dues. Based on the home-made monoclonal antibodies against carbofuran and carbaryl respectivity, a microarray for rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple carbamate pesticide residues was developed within 30 min. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection（LODs）were found to be 0.11 and 0.09 ng/g, while the linear ranges were 0.33-3000 and 0.18-1500 ng/g for carbofuran and carbaryl respectively. By using spiked peanut samples, it recorded recoveries of 88.4%-98.3%, 90.1%-118.8% for carbofuran and carbaryl respectively. The RSD of intraarray were found at 9.0%, 3.5%, while the RSD of inter-array were recorded at 12.3%, 16.3% respectively. The de⁃ tection results of the microarray were highly consistent with that of HPLC-MS/MS. This proposed microarray provid⁃ ed an on-site high-sensitivity, simultaneous and rapid detection of carbofuran and carbaryl, and could be widely used in the fields of agricultural product quality safety, food safety and environmental monitoring.     

运用QSAR模式对N—甲基氨基甲酸酯类农药急性毒性的定量预测

运用多元回归对２２种Ｎ－甲基氨基酸甲酸酯类农药进行了结构－毒性关系的研究,选入的结构参数ｌｏｇＫｏｗ和分子连接性指数直接通过计算得到,毒性参数诜在量鼠经口ＬＤ６５０。结果表明,ｌｏｇＫｏｗ,ＸＶ和ＸＶ能很好地反映这类化合物的结构特性。     

液相色谱串联质谱法测定茶叶中氨基甲酸酯类物质研究

对液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-ESI-MS/MS)快速准确测定茶叶中灭多威、克百威、涕灭威、甲萘威含量进行研究。对样品前处理方法进行了优化,样品经乙腈提取、氨基固相萃取柱净化后,采用HPLC-ESI-MS/MS检测分析,在多反应监测模式(MRM)下,外标法定量。结果表明:方法的检出限为5μg/kg,样品浓度为0.001～0.200 mg/kg时线性关系良好(相关系数r0.99),平均添加回收率70%～75%。该方法简便、高效、准确,各项技术指标均满足国内外有关茶叶中农药残留限量要求,可用于茶叶中灭多威、克百威、涕灭威、甲萘威残留的分析测定。     

Monitoring insecticide resistance in house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) from New York dairies

House flies were collected from dairies across New York state and the levels of resistance to seven insecticides were measured using standard laboratory assays with three to five diagnostic concentrations. The highest levels of resistance were found for tetrachlorvinphos, permethrin and cyfluthrin. Although levels of resistance to methomyl were somewhat lower, they were among the highest ever reported for field‐collected house flies. Resistance to pyrethrins was limited primarily to the lowest diagnostic concentration. House flies were susceptible to fipronil at all dairies, suggesting that this material would be highly effective for fly control. The levels of resistance were similar at all the dairies, irrespective of their insecticide use, suggesting substantial movement of flies between facilities. Relative to resistance levels found at New York dairies in 1987, resistance levels had increased for permethrin, were unchanged for tetrachlorvinphos and had decreased for dimethoate. To identify a single diagnostic concentration that could be used in the laboratory assays to assess accurately resistance levels in future studies, we carried out a ‘simulated’ field bioassay using formulated materials. A diagnostic concentration for each insecticide is proposed on the basis of a comparison of our bioassays. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

The effect of ceramic coating of fire-retardant wood on combustibility and weatherability

In order to develop a fireproof wooden material, the synergic effect of fire-retardant chemicals and wood coatings was studied. The fire performance was evaluated by cone calorimeter. Impregnation of fire retardants including polyphosphatic carbamate, and ceramic coatings including alkoxy metal salt improved the fire performance of wooden materials. This treatment made it possible to meet the guidelines for fire performance of noncombustible materials in Japan. In addition to the vacuum-pressure impregnation treatment, hot-and-cold-bath impregnation treatment is an effective way to develop fire-retardant wood by impregnating fire retardant and ceramic coating. The weatherability of the developed material was also investigated. The ceramic coating was resistant to light and moisture. Part of this report was presented at 54th Annual Meeting (Sapporo, August 2004) and the 55th Annual Meeting (Kyoto, March 2005) of the Japan Wood Research Society     

QuEChERS前处理—高效液相色谱仪检测多种蔬菜水果中10种氨基甲酸醋农药残留

探讨运用简便高效的前处理方法要QuEChERS,使用高效液相色谱要柱后衍生荧光法分别测定普通蔬菜水果中10种氨基甲酸酯多类农药的含量。结果表明院10种农药的检出限为0.008～0.010 mg/kg,加标回收率在91.2%～102.0%,相对标准偏差为0.98%～4.90%。此方法选择性强,有机溶剂用量少,准确可靠、准确度和精密度好,比较适合只配备液相色谱仪的基层实验室用于普通蔬菜水果中常用农药多残留快速检测。     

饲料中氨基甲酸酯类农药多残留量的毛细管气相色谱分析方法

为了全面正确地认识和评价畜禽饲料中农药残留状况,保证畜禽产品食用的安全性,利用弹性石英毛细管气相色谱分析技术,研究了7种氨基甲酸酯类农药在饲料中的多残留分析方法.结果表明,饲料样品中的氨基甲酸酯类农药以丙酮提取,经等体积石油醚/二氯甲烷混合液萃取,再经弗罗里硅土柱净化,用配有氮磷检测器的毛细管气相色谱仪检测,可以获得满意结果.当添加0.1,0.5,5.0mg/kg时,添加回收率为79.00%～102.37%,变异系数为0.99%～10.03%;方法最小检出量为4.086×10-11～9.324×10-11g,最小检出量为0.02～0.04mg/kg.该方法能一次同时检测饲料中残留的7种氨基甲酸酯类农药,具有高效、简便、快速的特点,可极大地提高工作效率.     

Insecticide resistance in house flies from caged‐layer poultry facilities

The frequency of resistance of eight strains of house flies, Musca domestica L., collected from caged‐layer poultry facilities across New York state, to nine insecticides (dimethoate, tetrachlorvinphos, permethrin, cyfluthrin, pyrethrins, methomyl, fipronil, spinosad and cyromazine) was measured relative to a laboratory susceptible strain. Percentage survival was evaluated at five diagnostic concentrations: susceptible strain LC₉₉, 3 × LC₉₉, 10 × LC₉₉, 30 × LC₉₉ and 100 × LC₉₉. The highest levels of resistance were noted for tetrachlorvinphos, permethrin and cyfluthrin. There was substantial variation in the levels of resistance to the different insecticides from one facility to another, independent of their geographical location. There was very little cross‐resistance detected in these populations to either fipronil or spinosad. Overall, there was a good correlation between insecticide use histories and the levels of resistance. The apparent isolation of fly populations within poultry facilities suggests that there are good opportunities for the implementation of successful resistance management strategies at these facilities. Differences between these results and those of a resistance survey on New York dairy farms in 1987 are discussed. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry