Movement of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians in the stems of lettuce and seed contamination

Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians , the causal agent of bacterial leaf spot of lettuce (BLS), can be seedborne, but the mechanism by which the bacteria contaminates and/or infects lettuce seed is not known. In this study, the capacity of X. campestris pv. vitians to enter and translocate within the vascular system of lettuce plants was examined. The stems of 8- to 11-week-old lettuce plants were stab-inoculated, and movement of X. campestris pv. vitians was monitored at various intervals. At 4, 8, 12 and 16 h post-inoculation (hpi), X. campestris pv. vitians was recovered from 2 to 10 cm above (depending on stem length) and 2 cm below the inoculation site. Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians was also recovered from surface-disinfested stem sections of spray-inoculated plants. Together, these results are consistent with X. campestris pv. vitians invading and moving systemically within the vascular system of lettuce plants. To investigate the mechanism of seed contamination, lettuce plants at the vegetative stage of growth were spray-inoculated with X. campestris pv. vitians and allowed to develop BLS. Seed collected from these plants had a 2% incidence of X. campestris pv. vitians external colonization, but no bacteria were recovered from within the seed.     

大白菜子叶离体培养再生植株

 探讨了植物激素、AgNO₃ 和琼脂浓度对大白菜子叶培养芽再生和植株再生的影响。结果表明:优化培养基条件为MS 培养基中加入5 mg / L BA、0. 5 mg/ L NAA、2 mg/ L AgNO₃ 和1. 2%~ 1. 6 %琼脂。培养过程中, 子叶的乙烯释放量对芽再生起很重要的作用, 具有高芽再生率的基因型或高浓度琼脂的培养条件下, 子叶产生的乙烯量较少。培养基中有AgNO₃ 存在时, 尽管子叶的乙烯释放量增加, 芽再生率也有提高。对子叶的乙烯释放量和不定芽再生的关系进行了讨论。     

Natural tolerance of Cuscuta campestris to herbicides inhibiting amino acid biosynthesis

The response of Cuscuta campestris Yuncker, a non‐specific above‐ground holoparasite, to amino acid biosynthesis inhibitor (AABI) herbicides, was compared with other resistant and sensitive plants in dose–response assays carried out in Petri dishes. Cuscuta campestris was found to be much more resistant to all AABI herbicides tested. The I₅₀ value of C. campestris growth inhibition by glyphosate was eightfold higher than that of transgenic, glyphosate‐resistant cotton (RR‐cotton). The I₅₀ value for C. campestris shoot growth inhibition by sulfometuron was above 500 μM, whereas that of sorghum roots was only 0.004 μM. Cuscuta campestris exposed to glyphosate gradually accumulated shikimate, confirming herbicide penetration into the parasite and interaction with an active form of the target enzyme of the herbicide, 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase. More than half of the C. campestris plants associated with transgenic, glyphosate‐resistant sugarbeet (RR‐sugarbeet) treated with glyphosate or with transgenic, sulfometuron‐resistant tomato (SuR‐tomato) treated with sulfometuron recovered and resumed regular growth 20–30 days after treatment. New healthy stems developed, followed by normal flowering and seed setting. The results of the current study demonstrate the unique capacity of C. campestris to tolerate high rates of AABI. The mechanism of this phenomenon is yet to be elucidated.     

不同镉水平对白菜生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

 不同镉(cd)水平对白菜[Brassica campestris L．ssp．chinensis (L．)Makino]两个品种生长及抗氧化酶活性研究结果表明：cd 1 mg·L^-1 对两品种生长(除‘杭州油冬儿’地上部干质量)及叶绿素 含量无显著影响，cd 10 mg·L^-1显著抑制植株生长(除‘沪青1号’根干质量)，减少叶绿素含量。cd可诱导叶片中活性氧0₂^-. 、H₂O₂的产生，引起膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的累积。Cd 1 mg’L 显著增加‘沪青1号’过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及‘杭州油冬儿’抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APx) 活性。cd 10 mg·L 显著降低两品种叶片超氧化物歧化酶( SOD ) 、CAT、APX及‘沪青1号’POD活性， 显著增加脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DR)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性。     

Untersuchungen zur Übertragung von Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus auf gesunde Kartoffelknollen

Zusammenfassung In den Jahren 1999 bis 2003 wurde in Freiland-, Klimakammer- und Lagerungsversuchen überprüft, ob ein Risiko für die Übertragung des Erregers der Bakteriellen Ringfäule der Kartoffel (Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus) besteht, wenn (a) gesunde Kartoffelknollen in Kontakt mit Maschinen und Geräten kommen, die mit dem Erreger kontaminiert sind (indirekter Kontakt) und (b) gesunde Kartoffelknollen direkt in Kontakt mit infizierten Knollen kommen (direkter Kontakt). Nach indirektem Kontakt konnte nur beim nachfolgenden Anbau der kontaminierten Knollen in der Klimakammer Befall in Kraut und Knollen festgestellt werden. Im Freiland konnte der Erreger, auch bei wiederholtem Nachbau der geernteten Knollen, nicht nachgewiesen werden. Nach direktem Kontakt und nachfolgendem Anbau der kontaminierten Knollen in der Klimakammer und im Freiland, wurde der Erreger in allen Fällen in den geerntete Knollen nachgewiesen. Befall im Kraut wurde nur in dem Klimakammerversuch und in einem Freilandversuch ermittelt. Wurden durch direkten Kontakt kontaminierte Knollen eingelagert, konnte der Erreger in allen untersuchten Knollen festgestellt werden. Insgesamt besteht ein hohes Risiko, dass gesunde Knollen infiziert werden, wenn oberflächliche Kontaminationen mit dem Erreger erfolgen. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Infektionen steigt mit zunehmender Kontaminationsstärke.     

油菜新品种宁杂1818氮肥运筹试验

以油菜(Brassica campestris L.)新品种宁杂1818为试验材料,以秦优7号为对照,研究不同氮肥运筹条件下,宁杂1818的植株长势和产量变化,旨在为深入了解宁杂1818的生长特性,建立宁杂1818高产、高效栽培技术体系提供理论依据。     

白菜型油菜DFR基因的克隆与序列分析

By using RACE (rapid amplification ofcDNA ends) based homologous cloning strategy, we have successfully isolated the genomic and full-length cDNA sequences of a gene encoding typical DFR (dihydroflavonol-4-reductase) from black-seeded Brassica campestris L. var. oleifera DC.. The gene, designated BcDFR here, is 1 722bp in length and harbors 5 introns with typical splice sites of plant DFR genes. BcDFR cDNA is 1311bp in length with a 1 158bp ORF as well as a 25bp 5‘ UTR and a 128bp 3‘ UTR. The encoded BcDFR protein is 385 aa with a calculated Mw of 42.85kD and a pI value of 5.55. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of this gene share extensive homologies to plant DFR genes of wide origins especially high similarities to Cruciferous DFR genes. Sequence analyses such as phylogenetic analysis, conserved domain search and substrate specificity region detection all indicated that BcDFR gene is a quite potentially biofunctional gene. Its cloning enables us to further dissect the possible relatedness between DFR gene and Brassica seed coat color traits and to create transgenic novel yellow-seeded rapeseed germplasm through antisense- or RNAi-suppression of DFR gene expression in black-seeded elite cultivars.     

尿素配施氯化铵对菜心产量及其品质的影响

利用盆栽试验，研究尿素配施不同比例的氯化铵对菜心硝酸盐积累的影响，结果表明：随着尿素配施氯化铵比例的增加，菜心氯含量增加，硝酸盐含量下降，而全N含量、叶绿素含量和收获前的产量变化不大。     

栽培蓝莓菌根侵染特性研究

摘要：为了解贵州省麻江县蓝莓基地菌根侵染情况,采用酸性品红染色法对麻江县3个蓝莓基地的兔眼蓝莓和龙崩基地不同品种的蓝莓进行菌根侵染情况调查,并对其根际土壤进行分析,结果表明：蓝莓菌根比较简单,主要有四种类型：丛枝菌根、杜鹃花类菌根、具柱状囊泡类型的菌根和外生菌根。各样地蓝莓菌根侵染情况不高;不同基地蓝莓菌根侵染率差异不明显（P＞0.05）;不同品种蓝莓菌根侵染率存在显著差异（P＜0.05）;15a生蓝莓菌根侵染率显著高于3～5a生蓝莓（P＜0.05）。蓝莓根系菌根侵染率与土壤P、SOC呈显著正相关（r＞0.9,P＜0.01）、与全K、pH值呈显著负相关（r＜-0.89,P＜0.01）。