黑加仑采收装置参数的优化

为了确定黑加仑采收机的关键参数,采用二次正交旋转回归组合试验设计的方法,分别建立了黑加仑采收率与振动频率、振幅、激振位置三因素之间关系的数学模型及果枝激振力与三者之间的数学模型,分析了各影响因素对黑加仑采收率及果枝激振力的影响,并进行了参数优化,确定了各影响因素的参数组合为振动频率945～1135 r/min、振幅33～25 mm、激振位置0.60,此时黑加仑采收率可达95%以上,果枝需要的激振力小于4 N,且无果实和果枝的损伤现象。     

The Occurrence of dsRNA Species in Apparently Healthy and Virus-infected Ribes Cultivars, and Evidence That One Such Species Originates from a Member of the Virus Family Totiviridae

Analysis was made of dsRNA in 37 cultivars and species of Ribes, that were healthy, naturally affected with the virus-like diseases, blackcurrant yellows, blackcurrant infectious variegation, gooseberry veinbanding or blackcurrant reversion, or graft-inoculated with scions from such diseased plants. Various dsRNA species, differing in size (from ca. 2 to 11kbp), number and staining intensity in gels, were detected in some or all assays of all plants, including those held as virus-tested stock. In different plant tissues from individual plants, the dsRNA species were usually similar in size and number but, in some sources, the dsRNA profile from flowers and/or bark differed greatly from the profiles of dsRNA obtained from leaves. No dsRNA species were associated consistently with any of these diseases. A 499kbp cDNA probe was obtained that in Northern blot analysis was specific to a ca. 5kbp dsRNA species present in the blackcurrant cv. Baldwin. It also detected a similarly sized dsRNA species in plants of many other blackcurrant cultivars, but it did not react with a similarly sized dsRNA species in redcurrant and gooseberry tissues. The 156 amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA was very similar to sequences in the RNA-directed RNA polymerases of virus species in the family Totiviridae, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae viruses L-1 and L-A. The significance of these findings and the possible origin of these dsRNA species are discussed.     

英国黑加仑的栽培与研究及我国黑加仑发展策略

概述了英国黑加仑发展历史、主栽品种、栽培面积、产量及栽培技术，介绍了在品种选育、果实与种子营养、分子标记辅助育种、转基因黑加仑、抗霜冻以及种质资源等方面的主要研究成果，分析了中国黑加仑生产优势和今后发展趋势，并提出了发展建议。     

浓缩黑加仑(Ribes nigrum L.)汁在贮藏过程中理化变化的探讨

本文研究了浓缩黑加仑汁在贮藏过程中的一些理化变化。以-13°,0°,9°,23°,35℃(±1℃)和室温等不同的贮藏温度条件,比较了180天内的理化变化情况。结果表明,相同质量的浓缩黑加仑汁的理化变化与贮藏温度有关,浓缩黑加仑汁适于贮藏-12℃以下温度条件。短期贮藏于0℃左右温度下,品质变化不明显。同时,浓缩黑加仑汁贮藏中品质变化,同生产中工艺环节的处理效果有关。     

黑穗醋栗品种亲缘关系的ISSR分析

 采用ISSR标记技术对39个黑穗醋栗品种的亲缘关系进行分析。结果表明：13条ISSR引物扩增的总带数（A）从3到11条不等,平均扩增出6.77条带,平均多态性带百分比（P）为64.37%。聚类分析显示,在相似性系数为0.8496处将39个黑穗醋栗品种分为5组。第Ⅰ组包含8个起源国家的品种,说明世界各国之间基因交流较为频繁。‘Ben Lomond’和‘Kantata’同其他品种的遗传距离较远,两者又有诸多优良农艺性状,可作为黑穗醋栗的优良育种材料。     

黑龙江黑豆果优质高产的气象条件研究

[目的]对黑龙江黑豆果优质高产的气象条件进行研究。[方法]统计分析试验观测与调查资料。[结果]黑豆果的产量与上一年8月份到当年7月份的降水量、5月份的积温关系密切。     

波兰小浆果育种项目的目标和成就

波兰小浆果育种主要在波兰果树和花卉研究所进行.育种目标主要是培育果实品质佳、适应当地气候和土壤条件、对流行的病虫害具有可以接受的抵抗能力、适合鲜食和适宜不同形式加工、抗寒力强并且具有很强的花期抗霜害能力的优良品种.为了扩大遗传基础,最近已经开始了种间杂交工作,并已培育出很多的优良品种.黑穗醋栗品种有"Bona","Ceres","Ores","Ruben","Tiben","Tines"和"Tisel";醋栗品种有"Hin-8el"和"Resika";红树莓品种有"Benefis","Beskid","Laszka","Nawojka","Pokusa","Polana","Polesie","Polka"和"Poranna Rosa";黑莓品种有"Gazda"and"Orkan";草莓品种有"Aga","Astra","Duht","Elkat","Elsar-iusz","Era","Fara","Feriusz","Filon","Filut",Hokent","Marduk"."Panon",Salut",Segal","Selvik"and"Vikat".这些品种显示出很强的市场前景并且在生产中的使用面积逐年增加.     

黑穗醋栗叶斑病病原鉴定

叶斑病是近年黑穗醋栗栽培区危害比较大的一种病害,严重时导致叶片大量提前脱落,从而影响树势和产量。分别从黑龙江省海林市、桦川县、宾县和东北农业大学园艺实验站采集病样,采用组织分离法分离病斑,并对分离的病原菌进行纯化、形态观察和人工接种。结果表明,黑龙江省黑穗醋栗叶斑病是由壳针孢属(Septoria)真菌引起的,属于半知菌亚门(Deuteromycetes)球壳孢目(Sphaeropsidales)球壳孢科(Sphaeropsidaceae),该病原菌的适宜生长培养基为马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(Potato dextrose agar,PDA)。试验研究主要是确定了导致黑穗醋栗叶斑病的病原,以期为黑穗醋栗的抗叶斑病育种及病害的防治提供依据。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化黑穗醋栗花色苷研究

文章选择了八种大孔吸附树脂,分别测定它们对黑穗醋栗花色苷粗提液的吸附率及解吸率,确定了AB-8为最佳树脂。通过Langmuir及Freundlich吸附等温方程对20℃条件下的试验数据进行拟合分析,结果表明,平衡浓度范围在0.056~1.00mg·100mL-1,遵循Freundlich吸附等温方程;平衡浓度范围在1.00~7.05mg·100mL-1,遵循Langmuir吸附等温方程,由Langmuir吸附等温式拟合结果得到AB-8大孔吸附树脂在给定试验条件下的单层饱和吸附量是15.92mg·g-1。根据AB-8大孔吸附树脂吸附特性的研究,得出最佳纯化条件为:选择pH1.0~2.0、浓度19.15mg·100mL-1的黑穗醋栗花色苷粗提液,以1.0mL·min-1的流速上样,经0.1%盐酸溶液洗涤后,用pH2.5的60%乙醇作为洗脱剂,在洗脱流速为0.5BV·h-1的情况下,得到的花色苷产品,纯度约为91.76%。     

大果丰产黑穗醋栗新品种‘丹江黑’

 丹江黑’是以‘黑丰’为母本,‘牡选94-7-12’为父本人工杂交选育的大果、丰产、优质、抗病黑穗醋栗优良品种。果实圆形,横径1.50 cm,纵径1.52 cm,平均单果质量2.30 g,最大2.90 g,果实较整齐。7 月中旬成熟,熟期一致。适宜黑龙江省东部和南部及气候相似的地区栽培。