莫莫格湿地干-湿界面优势植物种群动态分析

莫莫格湿地从高河漫滩底端到顶端选取有代表性的植物群落片断作为固定观测样带,并设置6个观测样方,生长季5月、7月、9月3次观测结果表明,小叶章优势种群5月份密度最高达1154-1594株/平方米,7月种群数量下降,9月有所升高;踏头苔草优势种群5-7月份密度在3 414-7 193株/平方米,9月份种群数量大幅度下降;土壤相对含水量低地段小叶章种群相对优势度大,土壤相对含水量高地段踏头苔草种群相对优势度大,局部地段生长季内有相对优势度相互替代过程,莫莫格湿地干-湿界面上小叶章和踏头苔草两个种群可以共存。     

Economics of foliar fungicides for hard red winter wheat in the USA southern Great Plains

Grain yields of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the southern Great Plains are often reduced by the presence of foliar diseases. This study was conducted to determine whether the application of foliar fungicides is an economically optimal management strategy. The effects of fungicide treatment on commercially available hard red winter wheat varieties with differing levels of genetic resistance (i.e., resistant, intermediate, and susceptible) to foliar diseases were investigated at two locations, Apache and Lahoma, OK, USA, for the harvest years 2005–2012. Two fungicides were rotated between the two locations and applied at approximately Feekes growth stage 9–10.5. When averaged across years, plots to which fungicide was applied generated greater average net returns than plots that did not receive fungicide for susceptible varieties at Apache, and for resistant, intermediate, and susceptible varieties at Lahoma. However, foliar fungicide application was not economical in every year at either location suggesting fungicide use should be reassessed each year given that profitability depends on year specific yield potential, prices, and foliar disease conditions. At both locations high disease incidence occurred in all but one site-year when the average March through May relative humidity exceeded 65%. Additional research would be required to determine the relationship between weather, including relative humidity, and disease incidence, and to develop an economic threshold for treatment decision aid.     

Floral induction (FI) in longan (Dimocarpus longan, Lour.) trees. III: Effect of shading the trees on potassium chlorate induced FI and resulting hormonal changes in leaves and shoots

Previous experiments demonstrated that treatment of longan trees with potassium chlorate (KClO₃) induces “off season floral induction” (FI) even in the absence of the naturally required cool temperature [Manochai, P., Sruamsiri, P., Wiriya-alongkorn, W., Naphrom, D., Hegele, M., Bangerth, F., 2005. Year around off season flower induction in longan (Dimocarpus longan, Lour.) trees by KClO₃ applications: potentials and problems. Sci. Hortic. 104, 379–390]. Potassium chlorate, however, cannot replace the presence of functional mature leaves and sufficient light intensity. Here we examined in more detail the effect of shade (about 10% of natural sunlight) on KClO₃ affected hormone concentrations/transport of leaves and shoot apical buds (SAB) and their interactions with FI.     

Responses of subshrub sagebrush rangeland in North-Western China to changes in livestock numbers and rainfall over 10 years (2004–2013)

Seriphidium transiliense, or subshrub sagebrush, is one of the most important forage resources for livestock in many arid lands, but such resources have been threatened by overgrazing for a long time. A 2013 vegetation survey of an original sagebrush rangeland (2400?ha) in the Tianshan Mountains revealed that nearly half of the area once under sagebrush has been replaced by annual species. This is due to the continual and rapid increase in livestock numbers over the past 30?years. Three smaller sites with different grazing scenarios: no grazing (Site N), a decline (Site 1), and an increase (Site 2) in livestock numbers, were selected to monitor recent changes (from 2004 to 2013) in vegetation biomass and the degree of dominance by sagebrush. Supplanting happened at Site 2 but little occurred at Site 1. There were significant differences between Site 2 and Site 1 in standing biomass in Spring and Summer, but no significant differences in Summer between Site 1 and Site N. The supplanting of sagebrush marks the completion of a dynamic process – in which rainfall plays a crucial role – of damage to sagebrush from heavy grazing in drought years and its rehabilitation by light grazing in some good years. Plant biomass loss was greatest when the land was first subjected to heavy grazing. Sagebrush tends to exist as a sole-dominant species rather than a companion species in sagebrush communities. This suggests that sagebrush continued to survive in pockets where grazing pressure had declined.     

早显性水稻三系不育系乐3A的选育

乐3A是用IR超级稻与金23B杂交F3代的优良单株与矮败型不育系协青早A测交,并经多代回交转育而成的籼稻三系不育系.该不育系配合力强,异交习性好,且具有早熟不完全显性的特点.配制的杂交组合优质,早熟,抗倒性强.2012年8月,该不育系通过了四川省农作物品种审定委员会技术鉴定,所配组合乐3优727、乐3优2275于201...     

Bt转基因抗虫棉田昆虫群落结构研究

选用3个转Bt基因抗虫棉品种DP99B、20B、1560BG和2个非抗虫棉对照品种鄂杂棉1号、湘杂棉2号,比较研究了不同棉花群体中昆虫群落结构特征。结果表明,在未采取任何防治措施的情况下,3个转Bt基因抗虫棉对棉铃虫种群,尤其是在棉花生育前期有很好的抑制作用;同时对其他鳞翅目害虫种群也有一定控制效果,这使得棉蚜、棉叶蝉、烟粉虱等刺吸式害虫上升为主要害虫。但抗虫棉棉田昆虫群落、害虫亚群落以及天敌亚群落的多样性、均匀性均较对照棉田小,而优势集中性比对照棉田高,反映出抗虫棉棉田昆虫群落结构稳定性较差。相对来说,DP99B和20B抗虫性能较好,其棉田昆虫群落结构也比较稳定。因此,转Bt基因抗虫棉的大面积应用中,除了要关注抗毒性棉铃虫的产生和危害以外,还应特别注意其他可能上升为主要害虫(如棉蚜、棉叶蝉、烟粉虱等)的防治工作。     

心尖锚的力学分析

设计了一种六齿镍钛合金锚钩用于封堵器等二尖瓣、三尖瓣返流修复系统的心尖固定,并对其力学特性进行研究.通过分析心脏结构及解剖数据,确定锚钩形状和可控尺寸设计变量,利用Solidworks建立锚钩3D模型,运用Abaqus软件对23个不同尺寸锚钩模型的入鞘过程进行有限元计算,分析锚钩入鞘过程中的最大入鞘力、最大冯米塞斯应变和入鞘轨迹的影响因素.制作了一种规格锚钩实物,与计算结果进行对比分析.结果表明:鞘部长度、鞘部角度及齿宽对应力、应变的影响最大,可以通过减小鞘部长度、鞘部角度及齿宽,有效降低最大应力、应变值;厚度、曲率半径及齿宽对入鞘力起到决定性作用,而根长和角度对入鞘力的影响很小;轴向刺入深度主要通过控制鞘部长度及鞘部角度来定义,径向刺入深度则由曲率半径的大小所决定.研究可为需心尖固定的心脏介入产品设计提供一定的借鉴意义.     

1985—2015年中国县域芝麻生产的时空演变

为阐明我国芝麻生产的时空变化特征,基于1985—2015年的我国县域芝麻生产统计数据,采用集中度、重心迁移、产量贡献率、优势度等指标,对我国芝麻种植面积、产量和单产的时空动态变化进行分析。结果表明:1)1985—2015年,我国芝麻产量和面积的分布基本一致,主要集中在大别山山脉一带和辽宁省西北部;全国芝麻单产水平不断提升,种植面积自2000年起小幅缩减,而产量变化处于明显的波动状态。2)30年间,全国芝麻产量集中度和面积集中度变化波动较小,集中地区分布发生了一定的变化;我国芝麻产量、面积重心同步向南偏西方向迁移,迁移距离分别为252和344 km。3)我国芝麻生产的主导因素一直为面积,占比为40.0%—49.9%;我国芝麻的生产优势区主要在河南、安徽、湖北、江西四省。近30年来,我国芝麻种植变化受其自身特性、病虫害、湿害以及政策等影响,芝麻生产受到一定的限制。因此,优化和调整我国芝麻生产的政策倾向、种植结构、良种研发以及栽培管理等方面尤显关键。     

湘棉18茎尖培养条件初步研究

以腺体突变型湘棉18为试验材料,先将棉花种子在无菌的蛭石中培养5-7d后,取棉花苗制备棉花苗茎尖,培养在无激素MSB培养基或加入激素的MSB培养基上,直接再生完整植株,结果表明:植株再生率主要与再生培养基中外源激素含量、活性炭浓度及茎尖分生组织的取材时间密切相关.     

桃园昆虫群落的时间结构研究

采用物种多样性、均匀性及优势度等指标测定了桃园昆虫群落的时间结构变化。结果表明,无昆虫群落物种数随桃树生长而增加,优势种也因其生长而变化;根据群落的相异系数对无４～８月的昆虫群落进行聚类和排序的分析发现,６月和７月的昆虫群落最为相似。其次是４月和５月。