芦荟真空冷冻干燥特性的试验研究

为提高芦荟冷冻干燥速率和品质,在通过物理的方法获得芦荟的共晶点温度的基础上,单因素试验研究干燥室压力、加热搁板温度、预冻速度和物料厚度对芦荟的含水量和冷冻干燥时间的影响。利用芦荟质量的模糊综合评判法,获得芦荟的冷冻干燥的较优工艺参数范围:芦荟切片厚度5～6mm,干燥室压力100～108Pa,加热搁板温度36～38℃,预冻速率-0.40～-0.45℃/min。     

芦荟冷冻干燥的最佳工艺参数的试验研究

芦荟冷冻干燥工艺参数试验研究旨在确定最优的冻干工艺参数，以提高芦荟的干燥效率和改进干燥品质。通过单因素试验以及四因素五水平的二次回归正交试验，研究了冻干室压力、加热板温度、预冻降温速度和物料厚度对冻干时间的影响；建立了各因子与冻干时间关系的回归数学模型；最后利用非线性优化理论与方法，在保证芦荟干燥品质的前提下，得到了芦荟(厚度6～9 mm)冷冻干燥的最佳工艺参数为：干燥室压力108 Pa，加热板温度38～39℃，降温速率-0.47～-0.35℃/min，干燥时间为6～7 h。     

Postharvest quality response of strawberries with aloe vera coating during refrigerated storage

Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) were coated either with chitosan (1, 1.5, and 2% solution, w/v) or aloe vera (AV) gel and the coatings were air dried. Coated strawberries were put in a polypropylene box and stored in refrigerator (6 ± 1°C and 50 ± 5% relative humidity. The success of coating in retaining the postharvest quality of the strawberries was evaluated by determining respiration rate, firmness, weight loss, external colour change, ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids, acidity, pH, microbial decay and sensory quality. The incidence of microbial rot started on day-6 in uncoated and 1% chitosan coated strawberries. Strawberries coated with 1.5 and 2% chitosan were affected by microbial decay on day-9 of storage. On the other hand, rot incidence was initiated in AV gel coated strawberries on day-15 of storage. Aloe vera gel or chitosan coating reduced respiration rate, weight loss, and microbial decay and preserved firmness, ascorbic acid content, and other quality parameters, thus delaying ripening and the progress of fruit decay due to senescence or microbial attack. Furthermore, AV gel delayed the changes in external colour and retained all other postharvest quality of strawberries compared to chitosan coated or uncoated ones throughout the storage.     

芦荟对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响

将360只1日龄雄性AA肉仔鸡随机分成6个组,每组设6个重复,每个重复10只.Ⅰ组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ-Ⅵ组分别在基础日粮中添加600 mg.kg-1芦荟粉、600 mg.kg-1芦荟水提取物、600 mg.kg-1芦荟醇提取物、600mg.kg-1芦荟水提取物+600 mg.kg-1芦荟醇提取物和150 mg.kg-1金霉素.结果表明:Ⅲ组3、6周鸡的体增重均显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅲ-Ⅳ组的料肉比与Ⅰ组比较均极显著降低(P<0.01),Ⅲ组与Ⅵ组比较显著降低(P<0.05);Ⅱ-Ⅴ组3周鸡的脾脏指数与Ⅰ组相比,差异均显著提高(P<0.05);Ⅲ组3周鸡的胸腺指数显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅱ-Ⅴ组3周鸡的自然杀伤细胞的杀伤活性均极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),Ⅱ-Ⅴ组6周鸡均极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅵ组(P<0.01).可见芦荟粉、水提取物、醇提取物和提取物混合组均能提高肉仔鸡的生产性能和免疫功能,其中水提取物组的效果最佳.     

中草药和芦荟多糖对肉仔鸡肠道微生态、免疫功能及生产性能的影响

研究了中草药添加剂、芦荟多糖对肉仔鸡肠道主要菌群、小肠微绒毛密度、免疫功能及生产性能的影响.结果表明,肉仔鸡饲粮中添加中草药、芦荟多糖,能显著降低盲肠内容物大肠杆菌浓度,提高盲肠内双歧杆菌和乳酸菌杆菌浓度(P＜0.05);回肠微绒毛高度增加、密度加大(P＜0.05);免疫器官胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊相对质量均显著增加,新城疫抗体效价显著提高(P＜0.05);添加中草药、中草药 芦荟多糖显著提高了肉仔鸡的日增重和降低了料肉比(P＜0.05).     

种植芦荟,发展农村经济

Aloe,a perennial evergreen thick herb of Lily family with over 80 kinds of medical contents and health protection capabilities of increasing immunity,anti radiation,anti cancer,anti inflammation,delay of decrepit,lowering of blood pressure,and others.The use of aloe has extended to dyestuff,metallurgy,textile and agricultural chemicals,and is of bright prospect of development and utilization.Because of its strong drought enduring ability and high economic value,aloe is of great significance to the economy development,poverty alleviation and improvement and harness of loess in the areas which is suitable to aloe plantation and is suffered from severe soil and water loss.Therefore,knowledge of the biological characteristics,varieties and their cultivation,reproduction and processing of aloe are introduced in the paper.     

芦荟试管微克隆繁育中芽增殖体系的建立

研究了库拉索芦荟茎尖组织、叶盘组织和茎盘组织的离体培养特性,发现芦荟茎尖组织芽增殖效率较低,叶盘组织无再生能力,而茎盘组织是芦荟试管克隆芽增殖系建立的最佳外植体。利用茎盘组织建立微克隆增殖系与茎盘组织在茎段上的位置有关,库拉索短宿茎的中部茎段不定芽形成能力最强。细胞分裂素是诱导库拉索芦荟芽增殖的主要激素,但质量浓度过高,不定芽生长弱,玻璃化现象严重。1.0mg/L6-BA,1.5mg/LKT和0.5mg/LNAA组合的MB培养基(该培养基由MS培养基大量元素、微量元素、铁盐,B5培养基的有机物质构成)是库拉索芦荟试管苗增殖的最佳培养基。     

芦荟凝胶的性质研究

研究了pH值、NaCl和温度对芦荟凝胶的黏度、溶解度、持水性、pH值、凝固点及耐冷冻性和热可逆性的影响。结果表明 ,未均质的芦荟凝胶液黏度和持水性比均质后的芦荟凝胶液更大 ,未均质的芦荟凝胶液的黏度为 12 2MPa·s,透光率为 18 5 % ,持水性为 5 7min ( 35 0 0r·min-1) ,pH为 4 6 0 ;芦荟凝胶的凝固点为 - 2℃ ;pH对其性质影响非常明显 ,特别在pH超过 10 6 8以后 ,透光率和黏度明显增加 ;NaCl对透光率的影响较明显 ,对pH和黏度影响不大 ;温度对黏度和透光率的影响较明显 ,对pH的影响不大