Effect of diet composition and slaughter weight on animal performance, carcass and meat quality, and fatty acid composition in veal calves

The effect of true milk use in the diet of Spanish Brown Swiss male calves on animal performance, carcass and meat quality, and fatty acids composition was studied. In experiment 1, the effect of milk intake [ad libitum continuous (ADLIB) feed vs. restricted 0.7 during 75 days followed by ad libitum feed (RESTR)] and slaughter endpoint (225 kg vs. 5 month) were studied. In experiment 2, ad libitum concentrate feeding [grain-fed (GF)] was compared with milk supplementation until slaughter [milk-fed (MF)] in calves slaughtered at 345 kg. As regards to milk intake, carcass weight and degree of fatness were higher in the ADLIB group (P<0.05). The RESTR group revealed a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids (P<0.05). In experiment 2, the MF group exhibited a higher fat percentage (P<0.05), lower press and cooking losses (P<0.05), and higher scores for tenderness and juiciness (P<0.05) than the GF group. The percentage of saturated fatty acids was higher in the MF group (P<0.05). The results suggest that true milk use in veal production could be an advantageous alternative in terms on production costs, animal performance, and carcass and meat quality.     

“永林公司”不同森林经营模式林分结构比较研究

对“永林公司”经营区9种森林经营模式林分结构比较研究,结果表明：应用Weibull分布、正态分布、对数正态分布、贝塔分布、伽玛分布等方法,对9种不同经营模式下的林分直径分布进行拟合,贝塔分布拟合效果较为理想,说明由于受到了人为的干扰破坏,林分结构发生了显著的变化.林分总体混交度均小于0.8,林分结构的均匀程度要优于整齐程度,在样地中封禁保护模式、集约经营模式的均匀度已经十分接近5,也就是接近一般均匀林的程度.     

Agricultural extension approach: evidence from an Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project in Ethiopia

Agricultural extension is an approach to rural development and agricultural transformation in which training, demonstration and technology transfer are key to reducing rural poverty, ensuring food security, and sustainably managing natural resources. During recent decades, different extension approaches have been tested and validated by the Ethiopian government and non-governmental organizations to stimulate participation in the agricultural extension system (AES). The most recent was a German-funded project entitled “Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project” (ISFM⁺), which employed a novel approach to piloting and upscaling proven technology and best practice. The purpose of this study was to analyze and document the modalities of ISFM⁺ and illustrate its effects on technology uptake and dissemination. The study used a mixed methods approach to collect data. ATLAS.ti and SPSS were used for data management and analysis. Farmer Research and Extension Groups and Farmer Field Schools were found to be central to the participation process. Also, the ISFM⁺ was found to aid technology transfer and helped to increase grain and residue yields as well as farmer livelihoods. Based on these empirical findings, it is argued that the ISFM⁺ approach and technology should be integrated and institutionalized in the mainstream AES in order to promote their extensive application.     

黄淮旱地组小麦品种抗旱性鉴定比较分析

为了解近年来黄淮冬麦区旱地组小麦品种抗旱性的整体情况,对2017—2019年黄淮冬麦区132个区试品种（系）在干旱胁迫下的产量及抗旱指数,穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、株高等性状及抗旱系数,进行分析总结。结果表明：黄淮旱肥组、旱薄组、北部组区试品种（系）近年来品种的抗旱性趋势大体相同,胁迫情况下产量总的变化是旱肥组>旱薄组>北部组,且呈逐年稳中有升的趋势,从抗旱指数看,黄淮旱地小麦品种的抗旱整体还处于偏弱的水平;抗旱性状表现为干旱胁迫下均有不同程度的受损,均以千粒重的受损程度最小,有效穗、穗粒数、株高受损程度最大。     

台湾本地种梅树的需冷量评估

台湾本地种梅树需冷量的评估方法是在本所比较桃关键栽培种（Ｋｅｙｃｕｌｔｉｖａｒｓ）与待评估梅品种间的花期早晚．由此方法评估结果暂定‘万山’及‘胭脂’梅的需冷量为１００个低温单位（ｃｈｉｌｕｎｉｔ,ＣＵ）,‘大青’、‘房炳雄’及‘桃形’梅约８０ＣＵ,‘山连’约７０ＣＵ．目前（１９９８年）正累积更多调查数据（已调查５ａ）,以“试误法”进行梅树低温需求量电脑模式化的探讨     

高体鳑鲏幼鱼集群行为的研究

为了考查高体鳑鲏(Rhodeus ocellatus)幼鱼的集群行为,研究选取248尾幼鱼,组成1、2、4、8和16尾高体鳑鲏幼鱼的群体(N = 8),在(25 ± 1)℃水温条件下进行15分钟的视频拍摄、运动轨迹提取和分析。结果显示：①高体鳑鲏的自发游泳速度多介于0-10 cm/s之间,其速度中位数随群体大小上升呈先下降后上升的趋势(P ﹤ 0.05),但各组间游泳速度的同步性随群体大小的上升而下降(P ﹤ 0.05);②焦点鱼和群体中其它个体的最近邻距离(NND)多出现在0-10 cm之间,且2和4个体组的NND显著大于8和(或)16个体组(P ﹤ 0.05);③2和4个体组排列的极性显著高于8和16个体组(P ﹤ 0.05)。研究结果表明群体大小对高体鳑鲏集群行为的特征有显著影响,随群体大小上升,凝聚力上升,但协调性有所下降。     

中国北纬33度地区小麦纹枯病菌的群体组成及致病力研究

为明确中国北纬33度地区小麦纹枯病病原菌的组成和致病力,对分离自江苏、安徽、河南、湖北4省的157株丝核菌,通过Hoechst 33258荧光染色法进行细胞核数量观测,利用菌丝融合的方法测定其所属融合群,并测定了其中111株丝核菌株对3个小麦品种(CI12633、陕229、扬麦158)麦苗的致病力.结果表明,在供试菌株中,150株为双核丝核菌,占95.54%,都属于AG-D融合群;7株为多核丝核菌,占4.46%,其中3株属于AG-1-IB融合群,3株属于AG11融合群,1株属于AG5融合群.供试菌株的致病力存在明显差异,双核丝核菌的致病力显著高于多核丝核菌,AG-D融合群中两种不同融合频率的菌株致病力无明显差异.不同地区的菌株间致病力无明显差异,菌株对3个小麦品种的致病力有显著差异,对CI12633致病力最强,对陕229致病力最弱,对扬麦158的致病力居中.     

乌梅不同药用部位对豚鼠离体胆囊平滑肌的作用

目的:观察乌梅、乌梅肉、乌梅核对豚鼠离体胆囊平滑肌的作用,探讨其作用机制。方法:采用离体胆囊平滑肌实验法。结果:乌梅、乌梅肉、乌梅核0.5～20.0g·L-1抑制豚鼠离体胆囊平滑肌活动,收缩频率减慢,幅度降低,张力下降;8.0g·L-1对氯化钾及氯化钡所致胆囊收缩有松弛作用;0.5～8.0g·L-1对乙酰胆碱和组胺致胆囊收缩有松弛作用。结论:乌梅、乌梅肉、乌梅核对豚鼠离体胆囊平滑肌具有抑制作用,该作用可能与其拮抗钙离子有关。     

浅析特大型企业集团的内部市场化运作

以一拖集团公司管理体制的创新实践为背景,探讨了特大型国有企业实施内部市场化管理的必要性和可行性,并从经济学角度分析了内部市场化的作用机制、优势特点和运作风险。     

Genetic Relationships among Prunus mume var. pendula Using AFLP Markers

Genetic relationships among Prunus mume var. pendula were studied by using AFLP markers. 18 accessions representing 14 cultivars ofPrunus murne var. pendula were selected from the germplasm collection at the Research Center of China Mci Flower. Seven Mse I-EcoR I AFLP primer combinations revealed 450 legible bands, and 269 of which were polymorphic markers. A similarity matrix was prepared using the simple matching coefficient of similarity and Nei‘s (72) distance coefficient. A UPGMA dendrogram demonstrated the genetic relationships of the cultivars. The information given by AFLP markers was basically consistent with the morphological classification and the evolutionary history of the morphotypes, and roughly supported the new revised classification system for Chinese Mci Cultivars. But there were still several exceptions: 1) the ‘Guhong Chuizhi‘ inserted between the ‘Tiaoxue Chuizhi‘ and the ‘Danfen Chuizhi‘; 2) the ‘Wufu Chuizhi‘ kept off the Pink Pendant Form, and the ‘Moshan Chuizhi‘ was removed from Viridiflora Pendant Form; 3) the ‘Danbi Chuizhi‘ and the ‘Shuangbi Chuizhi‘ of Viridiflora Pendant Form got together well but fell within the Pink Pendant Form.