Protective efficacy of an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine produced from Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 strains against challenge with different H5 and H7 viruses in chickens

We developed an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine by using Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 vaccine seed viruses, which were generated by reverse genetics and derived their HA genes from A/duck/Guizhou/S4184/2017(H5 N6)(DK/GZ/S4184/17)(a clade 2.3.4.4 d virus), A/chicken/Liaoning/SD007/2017(H5 N1)(CK/LN/SD007/17)(a clade 2.3.2.1 d virus), and A/chicken/Guangxi/SD098/2017(H7 N9)(CK/GX/SD098/17), respectively. The protective efficacy of this novel vaccine and that of the recently used H5/H7 bivalent inactivated vaccine against different H5 and H7 N9 viruses was evaluated in chickens. We found that the H5/H7 bivalent vaccine provided solid protection against the H7 N9 virus CK/GX/SD098/17, but only 50–60% protection against different H5 viruses. In contrast, the novel H5/H7 trivalent vaccine provided complete protection against the H5 and H7 viruses tested. Our study underscores the importance of timely updating of vaccines for avian influenza control.     

江西三种危害食用菌的绿色霉菌生物学特性研究

本文报道了江西三种危害食用菌的绿色霉菌的生物学特性。它们是:绿色木霉(Trichoderma Viride pers exFn)。产黄青霉(Penicillium Chrysoenum Thom)和构巢曲霉(Aspergillus nidulcms(Eidzm)Winter)。     

Comparative studies of strains of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus isolated from latently infected calves

Three strains (479 C, 778 TL, 982 LE) of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus isolated from latently infected calves were compared with the prototype strain of IBR virus (LA strain) in studies which included restriction endonuclease analysis, experimental infection, and reciprocal cross protection tests in cattle. From the restriction endonuclease analysis it appeared that the 3 "latent" viruses were derived from the same isolate, and that it differed slightly from the LA strain. However, latency does not seem to have affected the pathogenicity or the immunogenicity of the virus. This is demonstrated by the identical clinical and virologic response of calves subjected to experimental infection with the various strains under study, and by the finding that when the LA strain and a "latent" strain (982 LE) were tested in cross protection tests in cattle, they proved to be mutually protective.     

中国山羊品种资源及其遗传多样性研究

本文论述了中国山羊的起源、品种遗传资源及其遗传多样性的研究进展。最新调查 显示中国的山羊品种达50个,其中43个为地方品种,4个培育品种,3个引入品种,许多品种 具有独特的生产性能或适应能力。大量研究表明,我国山羊遗传多样性较为丰富。     

Combined effect of generally regarded as safe (GRAS) compounds andTrichoderma harzianum on the control of postharvest diseases of rambutan

Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides andGliocephalotrichum microchlamydosporum are the causal fungi of the rambutan postharvest diseases stem-end rot, anthracnose and brown spot, respectively. Two different treatments of rambutan fruits(Nephelium lappaceum) against the three pathogens were compared: potassium metabisulphite (250 ppm) or cinnamaldehyde (30 ppm), each combined withTrichoderma harzianum (TrH 40). The application of TrH 40 and potassium metabisulphite effectively controlled the incidence and severity of the three postharvest diseases and maintained the overall quality and color of the fruit under low temperature storage at 13.5°C and 95% r.h. for 18 days. The greatest effect of this treatment was shown onG. microchlamydosporum. Cinnamaldehyde affected the growth and germination of TrH 40, whereas potassium metabisulphite did not. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 4, 2001.     

哈茨木霉几丁质酶诱导及其对水稻纹枯病菌的拮抗作用

 在实验室条件下分别以几丁质和水稻纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)细胞壁作唯一碳源诱导哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)菌株NF9、TC3和P1产生几丁质酶,用硫酸铵沉淀法制备几丁质酶粗提液。上述木霉菌株内切几丁质酶活性(对胶体几丁质浑浊度的减少率)分别为79.8%、74.4%和76.0%,均显著高于非诱导的阳性对照。培养第5 d几丁质诱导的木霉菌株NF9和TC3内切几丁质酶活性显著高于由水稻纹枯病菌细胞壁诱导的酶活性。体外测定表明,通过诱导的木霉菌株TC3、NF9和P1几丁质酶粗提液对水稻纹枯病病菌的拮抗圈直径可达38、21和23 mm,与非诱导的阳性对照比较有显著性差异。对木霉几丁质酶拮抗作用的特点及生防应用进行了讨论。     

酯酶同工酶在食用菌菌种选育中的应用研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 ,分析了不同培养时间和不同培养基种类对平菇、杏鲍菇、白灵菇酯酶同工酶的影响 ,结果表明在不同培养时间和不同培养基条件下 ,酯酶同工酶酶谱的酶带呈现不同的多态性 ,由此提示同工酶在食用菌菌种选育的应用上应固定最佳培养时间及最适培养基种类 ,并在所有操作条件一致的情况下 ,才能得到稳定准确的分析结果     

营养元素对木霉菌防治甜瓜枯萎病效果的影响

为明确各种营养元素在木霉菌防治甜瓜枯萎病生防体系中的作用,研究了9种营养元素铜、锌、铁、硼、钼、钙、锰、镁及钾对甜瓜枯萎病菌菌丝生长、木霉菌T23菌丝生长及产孢量、甜瓜种子萌发及根系生长的影响.结果表明:10～1000μg/mL的硫酸铜、硫酸锌、硫酸亚铁及硼酸对镰孢菌菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,而对木霉菌的抑制作用远小于镰孢菌.适量加入钼酸铵、硫酸亚铁、硫酸钙及磷酸二氢钾有利于木霉菌菌丝生长及孢子形成,对甜瓜种子萌发及胚根生长也有较强的刺激作用.木霉菌结合钼酸铵、硫酸锰和硫酸钙处理土壤能显著降低甜瓜枯萎病的病情指数,相对防效分别为73.95%、73.77%和71.36%.     

半自然条件下几种赤眼蜂及品系对亚洲玉米螟卵寄生能力比较

在半自然条件(田间网罩)下,将人工饲养的玉米螟卵按4、8、16块/株3个处理分别固定在网罩内的玉米植株中上部叶片上,然后每网罩分别引入供试赤眼蜂20头,24 h后更换玉米螟卵块,连续3 d。7 d后调查供寄生的玉米螟卵被寄生率及羽化率。结果表明:在半自然条件下广赤眼蜂伊朗1-1品系虽寄生能力高于其他供试品系,但到第2、3天明显降低;玉米螟赤眼蜂北京6-2-2品系每天均维持一个较平稳的寄生能力,产卵量在时间上的分配比较分散,并在第2、3天显示出比其他品系较高的寄生潜能。广赤眼蜂伊朗1-1品系的卵块寄生数量可随卵块密度的增加而增加,而其他品系则在各处理密度下,寄生数量基本没有变化;从卵粒寄生率看,广赤眼蜂伊朗1-1和吉林1-2两个品系的寄生数量随卵块密度的增加而大幅度提高,其他品系增加幅度较小。