萘乙酸对大白菜钙素吸收运转及防治干烧心病的研究

本研究从补钙入手,探索防治干烧心病的方法。用0.7％CaCl_2·2H_2O对和50ppmNAA混合液在大白菜结球期叶面喷洒5次,经8年试验,对大白菜干烧心病的相对防治效果达80％以上。 在此基础上,采用~(45)Ca示踪试验的方法对防病机理做了进一步研究。结果表明,无论从根部还是从叶部加萘乙酸对根部和叶部~(45)Ca的吸收和运转均具有促进作用,并且改变了其在大白菜植株内的分配规律。对照株单位干叶重dpm值自外向内呈下降趋势(130×10~3─60×10~3);用NAA处理株则相反,自外向内呈增加趋势(120×10~3─250×10~3),说明萘乙酸具有促进钙素向叶球中内部运转的功效。这种效果在贮藏期间仍能保持。另外,~(45)Ca向直接受到NAA处理部位的运转量有明显增高的趋势。这一结果为补钙防治干烧心病提供了理论依据。     

结球莴苣“烧边”成因及其调控措施的研究进展

结球莴苣烧边病是生理性病害，严重影响其品质，制约生产。国内外多数研究者认为钙缺乏导致结球莴苣烧边病的发生，但是现在许多研究表明其他因素也能导致烧边病的出现，例如环境因素、生长速率、内源激素等，所以研究烧边病发生的机制及其与环境因素的关系是防御结球莴苣烧边病发生的关键。     

大白菜干烧心病抗性QTL定位研究

对大白菜干烧心病抗性不同的材料进行研究,明确其抗性遗传规律,并完成抗性基因的QTL定位分析,为分子标记辅助选择(MAS)育种与抗病机理的研究提供理论依据。采用大白菜干烧心病抗性显著不同的青麻叶类型高代自交系黑227(抗干烧心病)和包头型高代自交系B120(感干烧心病)作为材料,将得到的杂种F1进行小孢子培养得到DH群体,将亲本和F1及DH群体种植于日光温室,根据田间干烧心病发病程度进行分级,进而得出病情指数,并结合已构建的大白菜分子遗传图谱,利用Map QTL 5.0软件对大白菜干烧心病抗性基因进行定位。结果表明,试材所含有的大白菜干烧心病抗性基因符合数量性状遗传的特点,共检测到2个与大白菜干烧心病抗性基因连锁的InDel分子标记Br ID10343和Br ID10349,这2个标记均位于Chr.7,其间的遗传距离为1.031 c M,遗传贡献率均达到40%以上。InDel分子标记Br ID10343和Br ID10349与大白菜干烧心病抗性基因紧密连锁,结果为抗性基因主效QTL的精细定位及MAS抗病育种奠定了良好基础。     

娃娃菜干烧心病流行规律及发病因子调查研究

采用田间系统调查、小区试验等方法对甘肃省张掖市娃娃菜干烧心病的流行规律和发病因子进行调查研究。结果表 明：张掖市娃娃菜干烧心病田间发病症状有3 种,即干边型、卷叶型和腐烂型;病叶集中出现在19～40 片叶之间;莲座期 开始发病,莲座期到包心期病害呈缓慢增长态势,结球期病害迅速增长,成熟期病情基本稳定;娃娃菜干烧心病的发生与植 株叶片Ca 含量、品种抗性、氮肥施用量、土壤全盐含量、茬口和种植密度等因子密切相关。     

Relationship between tipburn and leaf mineral composition in strawberry

Malformation of emerging leaves with distortion of leaf tips, a condition known as tipburn, is frequently observed in strawberry. Calcium (Ca) deficiency has been considered the main cause of tipburn. The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationship between leaf mineral composition and the incidence of tipburn in three short-day strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivars (‘Ventana’, ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Candonga’) submitted to different concentrations of Ca. The studies were conducted in a hydroponic system in a greenhouse. Calcium was added as Ca(NO₃)₂ at 2 mM, 3 mM, 4 mM and 5 mM. A completely randomized block design (4 Ca concentrations × 3 cultivars) with three replications was used. Each replicate consisted of 12 plants grown in a polyethylene bag (100 cm × 18 cm × 3 cm) filled with coconut peat. Crown diameter and tipburn incidence were evaluated throughout the experimental period, and at the end of the experiment leaf mineral composition was assessed. In general, plants with larger crown diameters had a greater incidence of tipburn. The ‘Candonga’ cultivar had the smallest incidence of tipburn, while the ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Ventana’ cultivars were more susceptible. There was no correlation between level of Ca applied and incidence of tipburn. The incidence of tipburn was associated with foliar K:Ca and K:Mg ratios. Ratios above 3.40 for K:Mg and 1.77 for K:Ca represented a risk of more than 50% of tipburn incidence, when overall means for all cultivars and levels of Ca were used.     

设施环境下蔬菜干烧心的发生原因及防控策略

随着我国设施农业的快速发展,蔬菜生产亟需从数量向质量转型,提高蔬菜质量已成为设施蔬菜发展的首要问题。干烧心是叶菜类蔬菜生产中普遍存在的由钙缺乏引起的生理性病害,在设施环境下尤为严重。本文从蔬菜种类、设施环境（风速、湿度、光环境、营养液）和栽培管理的角度,系统分析了设施环境下蔬菜干烧心发生的原因,并提出了相应的防控策略。     

Influence of growth conditions on the value of crisphead lettuce

The marketable and nutritional quality of crisphead lettuce as affected by nitrogen supply, cultivar, and plant age at harvest was investigated in six plantings during 1989 and 1990. The optimum yield of marketable heads was obtained at a total nitrogen supply of 150 kg N per ha although only small differences were observed to the yield at 100 and 200 kg total N per ha. The total nitrogen supply included the amount of mineral nitrogen within the rhizosphere. The incidence of dry tipburn in older leaves was clearly decreased by an increased nitrogen supply, especially at late planting. The content of nitrate was increased and the content of dry matter and vitamin C decreased with increased nitrogen supply. The vitamin C content was higher for the cultivar Marius than for Saladin. As plants got older, the nutritional quality of crisphead lettuce decreased because the content of nutrients, especially vitamin C, decreased with increased plant age at harvest.     

大白菜干烧心病病状特征与抗性遗传规律

为了全面认识大白菜干烧心病表现特点及抗病性遗传规律，以6种易感干烧心病的大白菜为试材，采用营养液培养法观察干烧心病发病进程，发现在缺钙水培下，干烧心病的最佳观察时期是培养50~55 d。以高感与高抗材料配制的F₂代为材料，从发芽开始进行缺钙营养液培养，结果显示，F₂代植株的抗病性呈现连续分布，干烧心病病害级别的次数分布呈现单峰曲线，符合正态分布特点，符合数量遗传特征，说明干烧心病抗性受微效多基因控制。对干烧心病的系统观察发现发病不同时期、不同植株的干烧心病表现不同，主要有叶缘干枯、枯斑、坏死、停止生长、小黑点和退绿等6种病状，初步明确了不同病状发生特点。     

大白菜干烧心病的形态结构及生理生化变化

以人为诱发大白菜(Brassica Campestris L.ssp.pekinensis(Lour)Olsson.)干烧心病的方法,研究了该病发生发展过程中叶片形态结构及生理生化的变化。结果表明:随着叶片中钙含量的下降,干烧心病症逐渐出现。在此过程中,光合强度降低,膜受损伤,糖含量及电解质外渗率渐增,粘液外溢于叶表;解剖结构观察可见质膜内陷,有囊状小泡形成,细胞器逐步解体;随之,可溶性果胶剧增,胞壁损伤,最后细胞解体死亡,残存固形物充塞了胞壁内外。对叶片排水器黑变与干烧心病发生的独立性检验,表明二者无相关性。     

不同钙素水平对红葱生长和品质的影响

在Hoagland营养液配方的基础上,研究了4种钙素水平对砂培红葱生长和品质的影响。结果表明：随钙素水平降低,红葱干尖病情指数逐渐增加,根系活力逐渐降低,分蘖数、叶片数、植株鲜质量等生长指标也随之降低;光合色素含量迅速降低;叶片和假茎内大蒜素和可溶性糖含量降低,VC含量则升高。40 mg?L-1 Ca处理的红葱可溶性蛋白含量最低,丙酮酸含量最高。叶片内总黄酮含量随钙素水平下降而升高,但在假茎内以80 mg?L-1 Ca处理总黄酮含量最高。缺钙通过影响根系活力、分蘖和光合作用导致红葱生长受到抑制,缺钙也影响红葱的营养和风味。