生姜对鸡生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

用1日龄健康地方鸡300只按完全随机设计分成3个处理组,每组100只,分别饲喂添加新鲜生姜粉1％(处理2)、喹乙醇80mg/kg(处理3)、不添加生姜和喹乙醇,(处理1,对照组)的日 粮,观察至60日龄。添加生姜组的日增重、饲料增重比和成活率明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。血清 胆固醇含量较对照组和喹乙醇组均低,血清总蛋白含量较对照组和喹乙醇组略高。     

除草剂靶标酮醇酸还原异构酶(KARI)研究进展

酮醇酸还原异构酶(KARI)是植物和微生物体内支链氨基酸生物合成的关键酶之一,可以作为设计除草剂的靶标,通过抑制酶的活性中断支链氨基酸的合成使植物死亡,达到除草目的。文章综述了KARI的催化性质、晶体结构以及作为除草剂靶标的研究现状。     

miR-18a-5p在鸡不同生长时期的表达及其生物信息学分析与靶基因预测

为探究miR-18a-5p在鸡不同生长时期组织表达变化规律及其生物信息学特点,本研究以苏禽3号鸡为试验动物,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测不同生长时期鸡miR-18a-5p的组织表达变化。通过文献和miRBase检索脊椎动物的miR-18a-5p序列,利用Ensembl数据库确定miR-18a-5p在基因组中的位置,根据成熟序列构建系统进化树;使用miRmap、microT、miRanda和TargetScan网站预测miR-18a-5p靶基因,并进行GO和KEGG分析。组织表达分析结果显示,miR-18a-5p序列在鸡心脏、脾脏、肾脏和下丘脑中的表达量显著高于除大脑以外的其他组织(P<0.05)。与3日龄雏鸡相比,90日龄鸡心脏、脾脏、肾脏、腿肌和下丘脑中miR-18a-5p的表达量均显著上升(P<0.05)。在50种脊椎动物中共发现52条miR-18a-5p序列,几乎所有物种都只有1条成熟序列;基因定位分析发现,鸡miR-18a-5p位于1号染色体上的基因间隔区。多序列比对分析表明,不同物种miR-18a-5p的成熟序列同源性较高,物种间较为保守。系统进化树分析发现,鸡miR-18a-5p与原鸽、斑胸草雀等其他鸟类聚为一类,这表明miR-18a-5p进化过程中是保守的。靶基因预测和功能分析发现,miR-18a-5p共有121个靶基因。GO分析结果显示,靶基因主要富集到蛋白质泛素化、细胞周期阻滞、白细胞介素-6产生的负调控等功能。KEGG 通路分析表明,靶基因主要富集到细胞周期及Wnt和FoxO信号通路等。多个与肌肉生长及细胞增殖等相关的基因富集到相关通路之上。综上,鸡miR-18a-5p是组织广泛表达的miRNA,其可能通过Wnt及FoxO信号通路调控肌肉生长及细胞增殖分化。本研究为miR-18a-5p功能及调控机制的深入研究提供参考依据。     

Analysis on Target Genes with Mutation in microRNA of Blue-shelled Chicken and White Leghorn

The study was conducted to explore the potential different characters between Blue-shelled chicken and White leghorn.Global genome microRNA was combined the identified microRNA with complementary lab-predicted microRNA.Then the two breed chicken's SNP data got by GGRS were mapped to the microRNA and focused on SNP that deliberately located in mature-microRNA.Bioinformatics method was adopted for target prediction on microRNA which had SNPs.By further gene enrichment analysis,the study found these genes enriched in 22 GO terms,10 KEGG pathways,and 3 IPA important networks.And they enriched in traits which associated with growth,such as mTOR signaling pathways,Wnt signaling pathways,growth hormone receptor networks and insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ receptor networks.And they also enriched in some laying traits,such as oocyte meiotic signaling pathways and progesterone mature oocytes signaling pathways.The methods and the results might provide references for further studies.     

Dysbiotic gut microbiome: A key element of Crohn's disease

Since the first publication on “regional ileitis”, the relevance of this chronic inflammatory disease condition termed finally as Crohn's disease is continuously increasing. Although we are beginning to comprehend certain aspects of its pathogenesis, many facets remain unexplored. Host's gut microbiota is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes including immune system development, and pathogen regulation. Further, the microbiome is thought to play a key role in Crohn's disease. The presence of Crohn's-associated variants of NOD2 and ATG16L genes appears to be associated not only with alterations of mucosal barrier functions, and bacterial killing, but the gut microbiota, as well, reflecting a potential relationship between the host's genotype and intestinal dysbiosis, involved in disease etiology. This review aims to characterize some exciting new aspect of Crohn's disease pathology, focusing mainly on the role of intestinal microbes, and their interplay with the immune system of the host.     

胎盘食用的研究进展

近年来食用胎盘的做法广泛流行于国内外,该研究综述了国际科学界对动物食胎盘行为的原因和生物学意义的研究进展,总结了人类食胎盘在补充营养、缓解产后抑郁症、提高泌乳量等疗效上的争议以及对食用胎盘危害的推测,并对胎盘食用的研究方向进行了展望。     

应用分子靶点药物治疗犬肥大细胞瘤的研究进展

犬肥大细胞瘤因其恶性率和转移率都较高,并且常规化疗药物副作用较强,患犬生存期和生存质量显著下降,因此急需新型的药物进行治疗。近几年,治疗肿瘤的分子靶点药物凭借其疗效好、副作用低的特点,受到越来越广泛的关注,特别是在治疗犬肥大细胞瘤的应用中效果显著。论文重点介绍了欧美小动物临床最常用的伊马替尼、托赛拉尼、马赛替尼这3种以异常KIT为靶点的药物及其药物作用机理及药效,最后介绍了由c-kit基因二次突变所导致的耐药问题及其预防措施,期望能对我国小动物临床医师和科研工作者有所启发。     

蒜和葱上二斑叶螨的发生为害及其抗药性监测

二斑叶螨寄主植物范围极广, 但其对百合科蔬菜造成危害的研究报道极少?本研究采集了来自北京海淀百合科蔬菜蒜和葱上的2个二斑叶螨种群, 生物测定结果显示, 2个种群对阿维菌素呈现出极高水平抗性, 对哒螨灵为中等以上抗性(LC50>5 000 mg/L), 对新型药剂联苯肼酯?虫螨腈和腈吡螨酯也表现出中等到高水平抗性?抗性基因突变频率检测发现, 与阿维菌素抗性相关基因G314D和G326E位点以及和哒螨灵抗性相关基因H92R位点的突变频率均高达100%, 为纯合抗性种群?因此, 本研究所测试的2个二斑叶螨种群对阿维菌素和哒螨灵单剂的敏感性极低, 需慎重选用这2种药剂, 而3种新型杀螨剂联苯肼酯?虫螨腈和腈吡螨酯在田间需轮换使用?     

Challenges and opportunities of unmanned aerial vehicles as a new tool for crop pest control

The application of pesticides is not simply delivering chemicals to the target area. It also involves considering the negative aspects and developing strategies to deal with them during the application process, to ensure the maximization of pesticides use efficiency and the maintenance of the ecosystem. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayers demonstrate unique advantages compared to traditional ground sprayers, particularly in terms of maneuverability and labor intensity reduction, showed great potential for chemical application in pest control. It is undeniable that there exist challenges in the practice of UAV spraying, such as higher potential risks of pesticide drift or pathogen transmission, uncertainty canopy deposition for different crops, and unexpected leaf breakage induced by downwash flow. Maximizing the utilization of downwash flow while avoiding lateral air movement outside the intended target crop area is a major issue for chemical application with UAV sprayers, particularly in light of the increasingly apparent consensus on the need for enhanced environmental protection during the chemical application process. It must be considered that the operation strategy in different scenarios and for different crop targets is not the same, unique requirements should be given on nozzle atomization, flight parameters, adjuvants and aircraft types in specific working situations. In future, the implementation of spray drift prediction, technical procedures development, and other solutions aimed at reducing pesticide drift and improving deposition quality, is expected to promote the adoption of UAV sprayers by more farmers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.     

博落回急性及亚慢性毒性试验

博落回对小鼠经口急性毒性和对大鼠腹腔注射慢性毒性试验结果表明：博落回生物碱硫酸盐对昆明系小鼠的急性毒性为：水溶液ＬＤ５０＝９００ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１，水混悬液ＬＤ５０＝１０４３ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１，均属低毒级。博落回注射液对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠亚慢性毒作用的靶器官主要为肝，长时间或大剂量接毒引起肝细胞变性，增生，使雄性动物肝／体比明显增高，而血清谷－丙转氯酶下降。