葡萄贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

葡萄是我国五大水果之一,其贮藏保鲜对我国葡萄产业的发展至关重要。从葡萄采收期、贮藏温度、冷藏、冰温贮藏、辐照处理、保鲜剂应用、气调贮藏等几个方面对生产与研究中葡萄贮藏保鲜技术进行了比较与分析,总结出系统的葡萄贮藏保鲜技术及葡萄贮藏保鲜的研究现状与发展方向,为葡萄的贮藏保鲜研究与生产应用提供借鉴。     

带优先加工约束2×n型异序排序的简便解法

为解决异序排序问题,提出了新的表上作业法。该方法不仅可以解决2×n型异序排序问题,还可以有效地解决带优先加工约束2×n型异序排序问题。该方法简便易行,便于掌握,可获得比较满意的近似最优加工顺序。     

Breaching the black box: The role of ramps in Thai sustainable palm oil certification

Certification of sustainable palm oil as organised through the Round Table on Sustainable Palm Oil is based on a simplified understanding of the global palm oil value chain – according to which instructions about production practices can be directly translated from the palm oil mill to the primary producer. The reality of palm oil provision is much more complex than this as is shown in the case of Thailand. On the basis of qualitative field study in Southern Thailand this paper clarifies that intermediary stages, such as the collection of oil palm fruit bunches at the ramp, play a key role in the organisation of the chain. The fluidity and complexity of the palm oil flow at the local level complicates the promotion of sustainability through certification. Global and national stakeholders, such as processing and trading firms, non‐governmental organisations and national governments, should therefore open this black box of local dynamics to more effectively contribute to sustainability in palm oil supply.     

三倍体无核葡萄育种途径及研究展望

综述了三倍体葡萄育种的主要途径,如利用二倍体和四倍体杂交,胚乳培养,利用2n配子,芽变选择等,并对未来三倍体葡萄育种的主要研究方向进行了展望。     

Relationship between sensory and NIR spectroscopy in consumer preference of table grape (cv Italia)

A combination of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) instrumental measurements and sensory analysis was investigated to predict solids soluble content (SSC, assessed as Brix) and to classify preference in table grape cv Italia. SSC was monitored in each berry of whole bunches in order to evaluate intra-bunch distribution and variability. NIR spectra were recorded in the spectral region 12,000–4000 cm⁻¹ (833–2500 nm) using a set of 682 berries. The Partial Least Square (PLS) model based on cross-validation provided acceptable value for the main statistical parameters (coefficient of determination of cross-validation, r²: 0.85; standard error of cross-validation, SECV: 1.08; residual predictive deviation, RPD: 2.6) and was confirmed by external validation performed with 115 independent berries (coefficient of determination of prediction, r_p²: 0.82; standard error of prediction, SEP: 0.83). For consumer testing, the selected PLS model was used to predict the Brix value in 400 berries and Discriminant Analysis (DA) was then carried out to classify berries in terms of preference by relating NIR data to consumer judgment. The three defined preference clusters of berries were fully classified obtaining 100% membership. In cross-validation the value decreased especially for class 1 (78.5%) and 3 (75%) whereas class 2 obtained comparable values (98.7%). According to our results, NIR technology appears to be a promising technique for predicting SSC and obtaining information with regard to consumer preference in ‘Italia’ table grape for application of efficient and low cost on-line instruments in the fruit industry.     

Influence of the stage of ripeness on phenolic metabolism and antioxidant activity in table grapes exposed to different CO2 treatments

We have analyzed the influence of the stage of ripeness on L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene expression, accumulation of anthocyanins and total phenolics, and on antioxidant activity in the skin of table grapes treated with 20% CO₂ + 20% O₂ + 60 % N₂ for 3 or 6 d at low temperature (0 °C). The residual effect of high CO₂ treatment after transfer to air was also studied. In early harvested grapes, neither the anthocyanin content nor the accumulation of VcPAL mRNA was affected by any of the CO₂ treatments applied. However, in late harvested grapes, the duration of high CO₂ treatment determined its effect and a 6 d treatment with CO₂ sustained higher levels of total phenolics and anthocyanin accumulation, and VcPAL expression than observed in untreated late harvested grapes. The increased antioxidant capacity was correlated with the total amount of phenolics and anthocyanins. Conversely, in grapes treated for 3 d with CO₂ the phenylpropanoid pathway did not appear to be induced and a relationship between antioxidant activity and anthocyanins was not observed. Thus, further studies are needed to identify the most important antioxidants in these treated fruit.     

漫谈餐桌插花花艺的设计与布置

餐桌插花花艺的设计与布置是随着经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高而兴起和发展的。本文通过对省级、国家级和洲级插花花艺大赛上餐桌插花花艺设计和布置的简述,介绍了部分优秀的作品,指出了存在的问题,提出了建议和思路,并简述了发展趋势。     

葡萄新品种——醉人香的选育

醉人香是由巨峰和卡氏玫瑰杂交后代中选出的中晚熟优良鲜食葡萄新品种,该杂交组合于1985年进行,1993年开始结果。果粒卵圆形,单穗质量700 g,单粒质量9 g,最大单粒质量11 g,可溶性固形物含量18%以上,酸甜适口。最突出特点是具有浓郁的草莓香和玫瑰香味。在甘肃兰州地区9月上旬成熟。植株生长势强,枝条结果率高,丰...     

肉鸡标准化规模养殖发展现状

综述了近年来肉鸡标准化规模养殖的最新技术研究和发展动态,并针对我国目前发展肉鸡标准化规模养殖提出了相关建议。     

黑龙江省市县林区主要树种材种出材率表的编制

采集了4168株编表样木数据,按原林业部"林业基础数表标准化技术业务组"推荐的"可变出材率表"的编制方法,利用样木的测径数据建立削度方程,编制了黑龙江市县林区主要树种一元材种出材率表。经检验,本出材率表精度较高、适用性强,可供生产经营单位、管理部门和科学研究使用。