厌氧消化系统中硫酸盐对重金属化学形态的转化作用

本文对城市污水处理厂污泥厌氧消化过程中不同浓度的硫酸盐对铜、锌、镍三种重金属化学形态变化的影响进行了分析研究。结果表明，硫酸盐的存在能够促进污泥中重金属向稳定的硫化物形态转变。     

硫酸根自由基高级氧化技术对污染场地多环芳烃的修复效果研究

硫酸根自由基高级氧化技术(sulfate radical(SO_4~(·–))based advanced oxidation processes,SR-AOPs)是一种被广泛应用于降解土壤有机污染物的原位氧化修复技术。然而,关于SR-AOPs降解土壤多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的报道相对较少。本研究以南京某炼钢厂附近土壤作为试验样本,通过设置不同比例混合体系的过硫酸钠(Na_2S_2O_8)和亚铁离子(Fe~(2+))以及反应不同时间,探究SR-AOPs对土壤中16种PAHs的修复效果以及最佳技术方案。结果表明:Na_2S_2O_8和Fe~(2+)的配比会显著影响土壤PAHs的降解效果,当两者比例达到10︰1时,即Na_2S_2O_8用量为5 mmol/g,Fe~(2+)用量为0.5 mmol/g,反应时间为24 h时,PAHs总降解率最高,可达到29.32%;不同环数的PAHs决定了SR-AOPs的降解效果,其中SR-AOPs对四环PAHs降解效率最高,总降解率达到37.32%;此外,降解效率随反应时间增加而增加,在24 h达到效果最佳。因此,本研究结果可为SR-AOPs修复土壤PAHs提供理论依据。     

微生物硫酸盐的同化途径及其与重金属抗性的关系

综述了微生物硫酸盐的吸收与同化途径。对其涉及的关键酶ATP硫酸化酶、APS还原酶、亚硫酸盐还原酶和半胱氨酸合成酶的研究进展进行了介绍;同时阐述了硫酸盐的同化途径与重金属抗性之间的关系,并对其在重金属存在的条件下与硫酸盐同化途径相关酶的基因表达情况进行了综述。     

Competition for electron donors among nitrate reducers,ferric iron reducers,sulfate reducers,and methanogens in anoxic paddy soil

Slurries of anoxic paddy soil were either freshly prepared or were partially depleted in endogenous electron donors by prolonged incubation under anaerobic conditions. Endogenous NO ₃ ^– was reduced within 4 h, followed by reduction of Fe³⁺ and SO ₄ ^2– , and later by production of CH₄. Addition of NO ₃ ^– slightly inhibited the production of Fe²⁺ in the depleted but not in the fresh paddy soil. Inhibition was overcome by the addition of H₂, acetate, or a mixture of fatty acids (and other compounds), indicating that these compounds served as electron donors for the bacteria reducing NO ₃ ^– and/or ferric iron. Addition on NO ₃ ^– also inhibited the reduction of SO ₄ ^2– in the depleted paddy soil. This inhibition was only overcome by H₂, but not by acetate or a mixture of compounds, indicating that H₂ was the predominant electron donor for the bacteria involved in NO ₃ ^– and/or SO ₄ ^2– reduction. SO ₄ ^2– reduction was also inhibited by exogenous Fe³⁺, but only in the depleted paddy soil. This inhibition was overcome by either H₂, acetate, or a mixture of compounds, suggesting that they served as electron donors for reduction of Fe³⁺ and/or SO ₄ ²⁺ . CH₄ production was inhibited by NO ₃ ^– both in depleted and in fresh paddy soil. Fe³⁺ and SO ₄ ^2– also inhibited methanogenesis, but the inhibition was stronger in the depleted than in the fresh paddy soil. Inhibition of CH₄ production was paralleled by a decrease in the steady state concentration of H₂ to a level which provided a free enthalpy of less than G=–17 kJ mol^-1 CH₄ compared to more than G=–32 kJ mol^-1 CH₄ in the control. The results indicate that in the presence of exogenous fe³⁺ or SO ₄ ²⁺ , methanogenic bacteria were outcompeted for H₂ by bacteria reducing Fe³⁺ or SO ₄ ²⁺ .Deceased on 27 December 1992     

用溶剂萃取精制硫酸盐皂

通过用乙酸乙酯和已烷—丙酮萃取精制硫酸盐皂。使塔尔油的不皂化中性物含量从32.8％分别降低到17.4％和18.0％,酸价从119分别升高到169和153,显著地提高了塔尔油的质量。为塔尔油的精馏创造了有利条件。同时,从萃取出的不皂化中性物中提取出了高纯度的植物留醇,可以作为合成留类药物的原料。     

ZL刨花板防水剂的研制

采用廉价的硫酸盐皂作为乳化剂的原料，以石蜡作为防水材料，经预处理，加热，调ｐＨ，分散和冷却等过程，研制出浅黄色膏状的ＺＬ刨花板防水剂。经制板试验证明，该防水剂防水效果良好，施加方便，便于运输和贮存。     

硫酸盐还原菌的分离与生态特点研究

采用S培养基进行富集培养的方法对硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)进行了分离与鉴定。实验通过对SRB的生理和生化特性的了解,结合其生存条件和存在状态进行研究,得出主要的环境因素中pH值和温度对SRB的腐蚀作用的影响关系,并提出采用合适的环境因素来更好的控制SRB的生长代谢活动,得出有效的防治措施来控制硫酸盐还原菌引起的腐蚀,延长有关设备的正常使用寿命。     

硫酸铜对柑橘和山麦冬炭疽病菌的影响

在PDA培养基培养条件下,研究不同浓度的CuSO4对柑橘炭疽病菌和山麦冬炭疽病菌生长状况、产孢量、孢子萌发率的影响。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,1 g/200mL CuSO4 5H2O对柑橘炭疽病菌和山麦冬炭疽病菌的影响最大,完全抑制了这两种病菌的生长和产孢;0.2 g/200mL CuSO4 5H2O对柑橘炭疽病菌和山麦冬炭疽病菌的影响也非常明显,不仅较大程度地抑制了这两种病菌的生长和产孢,而且使这两种孢子的萌发率均低于19%;0.1 g/200mL CuSO4 5H2O对柑橘炭疽病菌和山麦冬炭疽病菌的影响较大;0.02 g/mL CuSO4 5H2O对柑橘炭疽病菌和山麦冬炭疽病菌的影响较小。由此可以初步得出,0.2 g/200mL CuSO4 5H2O对柑橘炭疽病菌和山麦冬炭疽病菌的抑制效果显著,可以作为抑制这两种病菌的临界浓度。     

Antifungal activity of sulfur-containing salts against the development of carrot cavity spot and potato dry rot

In the search for alternatives to synthetic fungicides to control postharvest disease, sulfur-containing salts were evaluated for their effects on the mycelial growth of various fungal or fungus-like pathogens and their ability to control carrot cavity spot (Pythium sulcatum) and potato dry rot (Fusarium sambucinum). Results showed that metabisulfite-containing salts provided strong inhibition of all the tested fungi. Furthermore, some sulfate-containing salts were also directly inhibitory to P. sulcatum (calcium sulfate and ammonium sulfate) and to F. sambucinum (sodium sulfate). The metabisulfite salts also provided 100% inhibition of cavity spot and dry rot at concentrations of 50 and 200 mM, respectively. Calcium sulfate and sodium sulfate also significantly reduced carrot cavity spot lesions at 50 mM and ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate and sodium sulfate reduced potato dry rot lesions at 200 mM. These results indicate that various sulfate and metabisulfite salts could be used to control these postharvest microorganisms.     

Plasma Concentration of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate in Horses after an Oral Dose

This study was conducted to study absorption of glucosamine (GlucN) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) in horses immediately after feeding. Six mature mares were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin-square-designed experiment. The experiment consisted of three 15-day periods, which included 10 days of diet adaptation followed by a 5-day sampling period. Blood was drawn after feeding on one day during each sampling period. Horses were fed a control diet (40% hay, 60% concentrate) balanced to meet NRC requirements for maintenance of mature horses (NRC, Nutrient requirements of horses, 1989). In one experimental diet, 2.0 g CS and 5.5 g GlucN were added to the basal ration at each feeding. In the other experimental diet, 3.5 g CS and 8.5 g GlucN were added to the basal ration at each feeding. After collections, blood was centrifuged and plasma was harvested and stored until analyzed for the presence of each compound. Analyses for plasma GlucN were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. CS in the plasma was analyzed using a color reagent, dimethylmethylene blue, followed by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. There were no significant differences (P < .05) in the concentration of either CS or GlucN in plasma, when comparing the three different diets. This leads to a conclusion that these compounds were not absorbed intact through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream. This poses a question as to whether oral forms of these compounds are absorbed and are able to migrate to joints through the blood to improve joint function.