消失的红线——石大路道路红线内外空间一体化街景重构

随着现代街道景观设计理念向以人为主、"一体化"与街道空间管控方向转变,经过近30年城市高速粗放发展的东莞松山湖石大路进行了道路红线内外空间一体化设计的实践探索.改造项目对道路红线内外空间类型进行了梳理与界定,将其分为人行区、间隔区、交叉路口3种空间类型,并提出相应的一体化设计模式.尝试通过道路红线内外空间一体化设计,整...     

“入境式”设计的创作路径初探——以江门市蓬江区院士路改造为例

通过回顾院士路街景改造设计的过程,在营境理论指导下探讨了风景园林“入境式”设计的创作思维和路径。按照入境式设计概念内涵的要求,梳理了指导创作路径的原则;在设计构思策略与范式层面,归纳出创作实践中设计意象的转化模式;并结合院士路具体改造效果的解读,详细论述了入境式设计的场地布局方法与要点。整体上对设计认知、设计路径和设计方法等方面进行综合分析,总结出入境式设计在城市街景中运用的设计手段。     

A balancing act: Biodiversity and human wellbeing considerations in the management of urban forest in a global biodiversity hotspot

Environmental and urban forest managers in cities located in highly biodiverse regions may need to balance biodiversity conservation with the provision of ecosystem services to people. However, striking this balance is not easy and many competing factors influence the decision-making process. Set in the Perth Metropolitan Area, located in the global biodiversity hotspot of the Southwestern Australia Floristic Province, this study aimed to understand: (i) the extent to which a benefits-oriented approach is used by local governments to optimise biodiversity and human wellbeing urban forest outcomes, and (ii) what other factors influence the decision-making process shaping urban forest composition. Using a social-ecological framework, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 29 local government practitioners. We found that biodiversity conservation is actively considered in the planning and management of urban forest in natural areas and parks, but rarely in streetscapes. Maximising shade and cooling, and to a lesser extent enhancing sense of place, were the key benefits actively sought in streetscapes. Parks appeared to straddle the middle ground as areas with most flexibility to accommodate multiple biodiversity and human wellbeing benefits. Yet, benefits were only some of a multitude of social-ecological factors influencing the decision-making process shaping urban forest composition. In particular, streetscapes were affected by a large number of social and political factors (e.g., perceived risk and nuisance, ad-hoc decisions by elected members), many of them leading to suboptimal urban forest outcomes. For a benefits-oriented approach to prevail in complex and contested urban spaces it is important that the decision-making process is evidence-informed and capable of handling the challenges and conflicts that are likely to arise. Reactive decision-making results in a conservative, “safe” species palette that over time defines streetscapes by what they do not do (creating disservices) rather than what they do (delivering multiple biodiversity and wellbeing benefits), which ultimately is not a desired outcome in the context of an increasingly urbanized world.     

Urban epiphytes: Bromeliad diversity in a green cover gradient across a Neotropical streetscape

The Neotropical region is undergoing high levels of urban expansion and harbors the greatest diversity of vascular epiphytes globally. In cities, it could be expected that the density of woody vegetation positively predicts epiphyte communities by providing substrate, resources for pollinators, and buffering microclimatic conditions. However, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding how urbanization intensity affects the diversity of vascular epiphytes. In this study, we assessed the relationship between a woody cover gradient and bromeliad species richness and community composition across a streetscape of the Neotropical city of Xalapa (Mexico). We recorded bromeliads in nine street segments and one peri-urban green space. These sites represent a gradient of woody cover ranging from 10.5% to ∼87% in a 100 m buffer, and 100% in the peri-urban green space. We recorded 824 individuals of 14 species (all from the Tillandsioideae subfamily). The most abundant species was Tillandsia recurvata and the most frequent ones were T. juncea and T. schiedeana. Results show that bromeliad species richness was positively related to the woody cover, as expected. Interestingly, community composition did not associate with the percentage of woody cover. These results suggest that additional factors such as microclimatic conditions and seed availability and/or dispersal may be key modulators on the establishment of bromeliad species. Nevertheless, wooded streets do show potential for harboring diverse bromeliad communities.