河北绣线菊属植物研究

作者在编写《河北灌木志》绣线菊属时,对采于河北境内的本属植物标本进行了分类与分布研究。现知河北原产17种3变种,其中1新种,2河北新分布记录种,1河北新分布记录变种。编制了分种检索表;指出了相近种的区别点;简略记述了适生条件及分布区域。     

Effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, leaf nitrogen content and morphological characteristics of Spiraea pubescens in a warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest

Spiraea pubescens, a common shrub in the warm-temperate deciduous forest zone which is distributed in the Dongling Mountain area of Beijing, was exposed to ambient and enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280–320 nm) radiation by artificially supplying a daily dose of 9.4 kJ/m² for three growing seasons, a level that simulated a 17% depletion in stratospheric ozone. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of long-term UV-B enhancement on stomatal conductance, leaf tissue δ ¹³C, leaf water content, and leaf area. Particular attention was paid to the effects of UV-B radiation on water use efficiency (WUE) and leaf total nitrogen content. Enhanced UV-B radiation significantly reduced leaf area (50.1%) but increased leaf total nitrogen content (102%). These changes were associated with a decrease in stomatal conductance (16.1%) and intercellular CO₂ concentration/ air CO₂ concentration (C _i /C _a) (4.0%), and an increase in leaf tissue δ ¹³C (20.5‰), leaf water content (3.1%), specific leaf weight (SLW) (5.2%) and WUE (4.1%). The effects of UV-B on the plant were greatly affected by the water content of the deep soil (30–40 cm). During the dry season, differences in the stomatal conductance, δ ¹³C, and WUE between the control and UV-B treated shrubs were very small; whereas, differences became much greater when soil water stress disappeared. Furthermore, the effects of UV-B became much less significant as the treatment period progressed over the three growing seasons. Correlation analysis showed that enhanced UV-B radiation decreased the strength of the correlation between soil water content and leaf water content, δ ¹³C, C _i/C _a, stomatal conductance, with the exception of WUE that had a significant correlation coefficient with soil water content. These results suggest that WUE would become more sensitive to soil water variation due to UV-B radiation. Based on this experiment, it was found that enhanced UV-B radiation had much more significant effects on morphological traits and growth of S. pubescens than hydro-physiological characteristics. __________ Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(1): 47–56 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

干旱处理对华北绣线菊和毛果绣线菊光合作用及相关蛋白表达的影响

以抗旱力弱的毛果绣线菊与抗旱力强的华北绣线菊为试验材料,采用不同程度干旱处理,在测定其光合作用变化的基础上,采用蛋白质组学技术研究两种绣线菊光合作用相关蛋白表达的变化。结果表明:干旱胁迫两种绣线菊光合能力降低,光补偿点和光饱和点降低,说明利用弱光能力提高,华北绣线菊适应弱光环境的能力强于毛果绣线菊。不同水平干旱处理分别鉴定出涉及能量代谢与运输的相关蛋白20种。干旱胁迫下毛果绣线菊中卡尔文循环途径相关酶、光系统Ⅱ中多数放氧复合蛋白和捕光色素复合蛋白、参与光合磷酸化的酶发生显著上调和下调表达;华北绣线菊中参与卡尔文循环代谢相关酶、PSⅠ中反应中心蛋白和参与光合电子传递的蛋白、PSⅡ中捕光色素复合蛋白、参与光合磷酸化与氧化磷酸化的蛋白发生明显的上调和下调表达。干旱胁迫使抗旱力不同的毛果绣线菊和华北绣线菊光合作用相关蛋白均受到影响,毛果绣线菊中多是能量代谢相关蛋白发生显著变化,华北绣线菊中多是能量运输相关蛋白发生显著变化。     

土庄绣线菊化学成分的分析及综合评价

采用GB/T8312、GB/T8313、GB/T8314、GB/T5009.12、GB/T5009.13、GB/T5009.18等方法对11个不同生长期的土庄绣线菊不同利用部位的11种化学成分进行了枪测.从11项检测指标中提取3个主成分指标构建数学评价模型,并基于综合评价得分(Z)将12个样品(包括砖茶)聚为5类,第1...     

10种绣线菊DNA的提取及RAPD反应体系的优化

旨在筛选出绣线菊属 RAPD 反应的最佳体系,为绣线菊属植物种质资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系的研究奠定基础.试验以 10 种绣线菊属植物为材料,采用改良 CTAB 法进行冬芽和嫩叶的总 DNA 提取并对影响 RAPD 扩增效果的因素进行优化.通过单因素优化筛选出最佳的 20μl 反应体系10×Taq buffer 2μl,Taq 酶 1.0U,0.15mmol/L dNTP,DNA 2ng/μl,引物 0.21μ mol/L,Mg2 2.0mmol/L;反应程序94℃预变性 4min,然后进行 40 个循环94℃变性 45s,37℃退火 1min,72℃延伸 1min.最后72℃延伸5min,4℃终止反应.结果发现,采用改良 CTAB 法所提取绣线菊冬芽的 DNA 达到 RAPD 反应的要求.筛选体系扩增出清晰稳定的多态性条带,可用于对绣线菊属遗传育种方面的研究.     

A new fungitoxic metabolite from Spiraea alpina Pall.

The fungitoxic metabolites of Spiraea alpina Pall. were identified using inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani, Gibberella zeae, Pyricularia oryzea and Exserohilum turcicum as an end-point. The major fungitoxic constituent of S. alpina was a new diacylated sugar, structurally elucidated as 6-O-(3′,4′-dihydroxy-2′-methylenbutyryl)-1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-β-D-glucopyranose. This compound could inhibit at 0.1 mg/ml Rhizoctonia solani and Exserohilum turcicum, 87.6% and 63.2%, respectively.     

控制光照下土庄绣线菊的生理生态响应和适应

本研究以一年生灌木土庄绣线菊(Spiraea pubescens Turcz.)幼苗为研究对象,人工设置相对透光率100%、50%、25%和12.5%四种控制光照水平,测量幼苗存活率以及在生理生态特征上的响应和适应性,从而加深我们对灌木幼苗的生理需求和生态特征的认识。结果表明,土庄绣线菊幼苗的存活率未受控制光照处理影响。遮阴处理导致最大净光合速率和蒸腾速率显著降低,叶绿素a和b含量显著升高,但气孔导度和类胡萝卜素含量未变化。同时,在25%和12.5%相对透光率水平下,土庄绣线菊幼苗的苗高和比叶面积显著高于100%相对透光率下幼苗,而根、茎和总生物量积累在12.5%下受到严重抑制。遮阴处理使得土庄绣线菊幼苗表现出地上生物量分配增大地下减少的一般趋势。以上结果说明土庄绣线菊幼苗对遮阴环境具有一定的生理生态响应和适应性。     

不同季节土庄绣线菊根围丛枝菌根真菌群落差异性研究

土庄绣线菊(Spiraea pubescens)是内蒙古大青山干旱生态系统重要的护土灌木,研究季节变化对土庄绣线菊根围丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)群落的影响,有助于进一步探讨AMF在土庄绣线菊生长发育过程中发挥的作用。采用传统染色检测与Illumina Mi Seq测序相结合的方法,研究季节变化对内蒙古大青山土庄绣线菊AMF侵染率、孢子密度、丰富度、多样性和群落组成的影响。结果显示:在春季、夏季和秋季,AMF侵染率和丛枝丰度不存在显著差异,而孢子密度却存在显著差异。AMF丰富度和多样性在夏季显著低于春季和秋季,但在春季和秋季间差异并不显著;主成分分析(principal coordinate analysis,PCo A)和PERMANOVA分析表明,春季和秋季AMF群落组成与夏季存在显著差异,而在春季和秋季间差异并不显著。     

珍珠绣线菊繁育技术

通过对珍珠绣线菊的繁育和栽培试验,总结出珍珠绣线菊繁育及苗木栽培技术,为规范珍珠绣线菊在呼和浩特市区繁育生产提供技术依据。     

金焰绣线菊的试管苗繁殖研究

以金焰绣线菊带有分蘖芽的茎段为材料,进行了生根、继代、移栽以及定植的研究,建立起金焰绣线菊的快速繁殖体系,从而加快其繁殖速度,满足栽培的需求。结果表明:1/2MS+蔗糖12g/L+ABT2号1.5mg·L-1+IBA0.2mg·L-1是带有分蘖芽的茎段试管苗生根和试管苗生根继代繁殖培养的适宜培养基。试管苗移栽成活率为97.3%,定植成活率为99.5%。定植的试管苗植株整齐、生长旺盛,不仅保持了金焰绣线菊的植物特征,也保持了较好的观赏效果。