南美白对虾淡水养殖试验报告

采取人工调兑淡水盐度，定点投喂颗粒饲料，调节水质及病害预防措施，在667m^2淡水池塘中养殖南美白对虾，经107天的饲养管理，共产南美白对虾160．2kg，平均体长达13．5cm/尾，体重20g/尾，成活率达到80．1％，共获利润5732．5元，投入产出比1：2．47。     

黄河中游水土保持措施保存率分析及措施状况评述──以黄河河龙区间南片为例

本文以土地详查、淤地坝普查成果为基本依据，结合典型调查，研究分析了河龙区间南片水土保持各项措施的保存率，认为在空间尺度上，分行政区给出的保存率较为真实的反映了社会环境、自然环境因素的相对作用程度及其主导关系，且有实际应用意义，据此文中进一步核实评述了该区水保措施的保存面积、措施结构及质量等。该区水保措施的状况在黄河中游干旱半干旱地区具有广泛的代表性，分析结果可作为水沙分析、水保规划、土地资源与环境评价等工作的重要参考依据。     

Association of a Geminivirus with a Leaf Curl Disease of Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea) in India

Natural occurrence of a geminivirus causing severe leaf curl disease on sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) was recorded in India. The association of a geminivirus with the disease was demonstrated by whitefly transmission tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA fragments of expected sizes with three pairs of degenerate geminivirus primers. The PCR-amplified viral DNA fragments were further characterized by Southern hybridization with a geminivirus probe consisting of the cloned coat protein (CP) gene of Indian tomato leaf curl virus (ITLCV). Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a PCR-amplified CP fragment revealed that the geminivirus from sunn hemp was different than ITLCV.     

RT—PCR检测南方菜豆花叶病毒

根据南方菜豆花叶病毒（ＳＢＭＶ）两株系Ｂ和Ｃ的核酸序列设计两对引物，利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ可以特异地区分纯化的和０．２ｇ病叶中的两株系，ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测ＳＢＭＶ－Ｂ的灵敏度为１０ｐｇ。     

湘西自治州退耕还林工程后续产业调查与思考

退耕还林工程是21世纪一项战略生态工程。作者就湘西自治州退耕还林8年补助期满后农民生计和退耕还林后续产业情况进行了调查分析,并根据退耕还林工程后续管理存在的问题,提出了退耕还林工程后续产业发展应采取的对策。     

山西南部苹果花期冻害时空分布特征及综合防御技术

利用1997—2016年山西南部苹果主产县(市、区)苹果花期逐日最低气温及日平均气温观测资料,根据苹果花期冻害等级划分指标,采用最小二乘法对花期冻害日数进行线性倾向估计,并用Mann-Kendall非参数检验方法对花期冻害日数的变化趋势进行显著性检验,分析山西南部苹果花期冻害的时空分布特征。结果表明: 山西省南部苹果产区发生花期冻害日数年均为3.1 d,各县花期均温介于13.0℃~13.8℃之间。运城地区4月中上旬易发生冻害,临汾地区吉县与隰县4月下旬易发生冻害;山西南部苹果花期冻害日数近20 a气候倾向率为-0.666 d·（10 a）^-1（P≤0.01）,花期极端最低气温气候倾向率为0.165 d·（10 a）^-1（P≤0.01）,花期极端最低气温与冻害日数具有极显著负相关关系。山西南部苹果花期冻害日数突变点在2008年,且在2015年之后苹果花期冻害日数突破α=0.05显著性水平下限。对于苹果花期冻害的综合防御措施,可采用“以防为主,抗补结合”策略。     

华南型黄瓜新品种优胜的选育

优胜是以自交系H16-5-4-1为母本,H9-3-2-7为父本配制而成的杂交一代黄瓜新品种。植株生长势强,以主蔓结瓜为主;瓜条棒形,瓜长16 cm,瓜皮油绿,皮薄肉厚;口味清香,口感甜脆,品质佳;抗逆性强,适应性广,适合全国各地区春秋露地及保护地种植。     

Assessing the efficacy and impact of management of an invasive species in a protected area: Poa annua on sub‐Antarctic Macquarie Island

Plant eradication is difficult, particularly in remote, protected areas. The Southern Ocean Islands are very isolated and highly protected, but the flora contains many alien plants. Small restricted populations have been eradicated, but eradication of established species has proven difficult. A better understanding of the efficacy of control methods at sub‐Antarctic temperatures and their off‐target impacts may increase eradication success. With interest in controlling non‐native Poa annua in the region, we aimed to determine if physical and chemical methods can control P. annua (the sub‐Antarctic biotype) in sub‐Antarctic conditions and examined their impact on native plants. We quantified the effectiveness of physical control methods on P. annua in situ on sub‐Antarctic Macquarie Island through field‐based experiments and assessed their selectivity on P. annua compared with native grasses. We also quantified the effectiveness of several herbicides on P. annua at sub‐Antarctic temperatures and assessed their selectivity on native grasses. Of the four physical disturbance methods tested, none effectively reduced P. annua cover as one‐off treatments. Of the herbicide treatments, glyphosate and trifloxysulfuron sodium were effective and were less damaging to native grass species, indicating potential selectivity. Physical control was of limited effectiveness, but did not affect native species richness. An integrated weed management programme utilising the strategic use of selective herbicides with follow‐up chemical and physical intervention may balance control and biodiversity outcomes. This research highlights the importance of site‐specific testing of control methods and understanding off‐target impacts of control when managing alien plant species in protected areas.     

Decadal trends in abundance,size and condition of Antarctic toothfish in McMurdo Sound,Antarctica, 1972–2011

We report the analyses of a dataset spanning 39 years of near‐annual fishing for Dissostichus mawsoni in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, 1972–2011. Data on total length, condition and catch per unit effort (CPUE) were derived from the > 5500 fish caught, the large majority of which were measured, tagged and released. Contrary to expectation, the length frequency of the McMurdo Sound catch was dominated by fish in the upper two‐thirds of the overall distribution exhibited in the industrial catch for the Ross Sea shelf. Fish length and condition increased from the early 1970s to the early 1990s and then decreased. Fish length positively correlated with Ross Sea ice extent in early spring, a relationship possibly caused by more ice encouraging larger fish to move farther south over the shelf and into the study area. Fish condition positively correlated with the amount of open water in the Ross Sea during the previous summer (Feb), perhaps reflecting greater availability of prey with the higher productivity that more open water brings. Decreasing fish size corresponds to the onset of the fishery, which targets the large individuals. CPUE was constant through 2001 and then decreased dramatically. We hypothesize that this decrease is related to the industrial fishery, which began in the 1996–97 austral summer, and concentrates effort over the ice‐free Ross Sea continental slope. As a result of limited prey choices and close coupling among mesopredators of the region, Antarctic toothfish included, the fishery appears to be dramatically altering the trophic structure of the Ross Sea.     

《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》对我国南大洋渔业的影响

本文关注《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》的背景,着重介绍了《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》涉及的水域、管理的鱼种和公约成员国概况,阐述了《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》对我国南大洋渔业的影响,涉及对我国远洋渔业生产的影响,对我国在南大洋作业水域渔船的法规性限制,对我国在南大洋区域与相关各国渔业合作的推动。文章对我国南大洋的渔业进行了分析,提出了相应的分析与建议,即:开展南大洋水域海洋渔业资源调查和评估,积极参与南大洋水域的渔业管理事务,加强对南大洋作业渔船的监控和管理,促进国际渔业信息交流。