狗枣猕猴桃果实软化过程中阶段性专一酶的研究

狗枣猕猴桃果实采后软化过程分两个阶段，第一阶段软化较快，起主要作用的阶段性专一酶是淀粉酶；第二阶段软化较慢，起主要作用的阶段性专一酶是多聚半乳糖醛酸酶。乙烯释放对果实软化有促进作用；保护性酶（过氧化物酶。过氧化氢酶）出现在果实软化后期，因而不是果实软化的阶段性专一酶。     

膨胀素在果实完熟中的作用

 概述了细胞壁蛋白质膨胀素(Expansin)的发现、作用机制、基因家族、功能和研究现状。重点论述了膨胀素在果实完熟中的作用及其与细胞壁酶之间的相互关系，提出了利用转基因技术调节果实完熟和软化的新策略。关键词：中图分类号：     

肥城桃两品系果实细胞壁成分和水解酶活性的比较

 随着果实发育成熟，肥城桃两品系果实中细胞壁含量不断下降。可溶性果胶从8月1～16日明显增加，这时果肉硬度下降最快。两品系果实的细胞壁中离子结合果胶和纤维素含量下降比例不同，这可能是造成两品系成熟软化特性不同的主要因素之一。果实发育后期‘白里肥城桃’和‘红里肥城桃’纤维素酶活性变化的不同，意味着纤维素酶在肥城桃果实软化中起重要作用。肥城桃果实中没有检测到内切PG活性，成熟后期外切PG活性上升较快。     

Extension of fresh-cut “Blanquilla” pear (Pyrus communis L.) shelf-life by 1-MCP treatment after harvest

‘Blanquilla’ pears processed as fresh-cut products are highly sensitive to browning and softening. Common postharvest methods, such as the use of antibrowning compounds and/or modified atmosphere packaging, fail to preserve ‘Blanquilla’ pear slices long enough to be marketable. However, treatment with 1-MCP before cutting and peeling considerably improved their textural properties (9.2 N vs. 1.1 N with and without 1-MCP treatment, respectively) and color (a* values of 1 vs. 5 after 15 d at 4 °C, for slices pear treated with 1-MCP and without treatment, respectively). These positive changes were closely related to a decrease in respiratory activity determined on whole pears after 3 months of storage in air at 0 ± 1 °C and 95% R.H. (0.40 ± 0.05 mmol CO₂ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ vs. 0.77 ± 0.04 mmol CO₂ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ with and without 1-MCP treatment, respectively) and ethylene production (1.18 ± 0.36 nmol C₂H₄ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ vs. 5.751 ± 1.12 nmol C₂H₄ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ for samples treated with and without 1-MCP, respectively). The use of 1-MCP allows fresh-cut ‘Blanquilla’ pears to be sold up to about 5 d after processing. Treatment with 1-MCP could be a viable alternative to common technologies for extending the shelf-life of ‘Blanquilla’ pears as a fresh-cut product.     

Polygalacturonase and β-galactosidase activities in Hayward kiwifruit as affected by light exposure,maturity stage and storage time

Softening process and total antioxidant activity were evaluated in kiwifruit differently exposed to light intensity and harvested at two different times (October 10 and November 14). Fruit was stored for 2 months at 0 °C (S1) and then maintained for a week at ambient temperature (S2). The results showed that fruit harvested later presented a faster softening rate during storage than fruit harvested earlier, even if antioxidant activity did not change. Light-exposed fruit showed higher flesh firmness than that of shaded ones. Polygalacturonase activity was higher in kiwifruit maintained for a week at ambient temperature after cool storage and, in particular the highest value was recorded in fruit harvested later. The behaviour of β-galactosidase was different: it did not show changes in fruit harvested later and significantly decreased in light- and shade-exposed fruit harvested earlier.     

乙酰水杨酸调控猕猴桃果实后熟软化进程中的Ad-EXP1基因表达

以布鲁诺猕猴桃(Actinidia deliciosa cv.Bruno)成熟果实为材料,根据植物α-expansin(EXP)基因的氨基酸保守序列设计简并引物,利用RT-PCR方法结合3’RACE扩增得到1个长为957bp的cDNA片段(Ad-EXP1)。该基因片段编码211个氨基酸,与其它植物该基因核苷酸同源性为59%～85%,氨基酸同源性为73%～91%。Northern杂交结果表明,Ad-EXP1基因在采收当天的果实中表达很弱,随着果实成熟衰老进程加快趋于增强;乙酰水杨酸(ASA)处理延缓果实后熟软化和乙烯生成,也显著抑制Ad-EXP1基因表达。鉴于Ad-EXP1表达丰度与乙烯生成、果实软化程度的一致性,推测该基因在猕猴桃果实后熟软化进程中起着重要作用。     

Heat treatments and expansin gene expression in strawberry fruit

Heat treatments have been applied in fruit postharvest technology for insect disinfestations, decay control, ripening delay and modification of fruit responses to other stresses. Heat treatment affects several aspects of fruit ripening, such as ethylene production and cell wall degradation probably through changes in gene expression and protein synthesis. In this paper, strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch., cv Camarosa) at 50–75% red stage of ripening were heat-treated at 45 °C during 3 h in an air oven and then stored at 20 °C for 0, 4, 18, 24 and 48 h. Fruit firmness was determined and the expression of a set of expansin genes (FaEXP1, FaEXP2, FaEXP4, FaEXP5 and FaEXP6) was analyzed. The firmness of treated fruit was higher than that of control fruit 24 h after treatment, though the differences disappeared after 48 h at 20 °C. The analysis by northern-blot indicated that heat treatments affected differently the expression of expansin genes. The expression of FaEXP1, FaEXP2 and FaEXP6 was lower in treated fruit during the following 24 h post-treatment. The lower expression of these expansin genes could contribute to delay softening after heat treatment.     

地窖与温室菊苣软化栽培的比较研究

研究探讨了菊苣软化栽培地窖的结构性能,并与温室软化栽培菊苣的主要生产性能进行了比较,为菊苣软化产业化生产提出了新的设施条件和生产思路。     

桃果实采后脂氧合酶活性和膜脂脂肪酸组分的变化

 以‘湖景蜜露’桃果实为试材, 分析了果实后熟软化进程中的乙烯释放、脂氧合酶(LOX) 活性和细胞膜脂脂肪酸组分的变化, 探讨其与果实软化的关系。结果表明, 细胞脂脂肪酸组分主要有棕榈酸(16∶0) 、硬脂酸(18∶0) 、油酸(18∶1) 、亚油酸(18∶2) 和亚麻酸(18∶3) 。在果实采后20 ℃后熟过程中, 三种不饱和脂肪酸组分比例变化较大(尤其是亚油酸和亚麻酸) , 而两种饱和脂肪酸的变化很小。在LOX 自我活化之前, 亚麻酸可能是LOX催化反应的主要底物。果实组织的后熟软化与LOX参与的细胞膜脂过氧化作用有关, 乙烯跃变可能是桃果实成熟启动后的伴随因子, 参与后熟软化进程。     

微波加热软化木材的弯曲工艺研究

研究了微波加热水曲柳试件进行弯曲的工艺及其弯曲工艺参数与产品质量的关系。研究结果表明：该弯曲工艺可行;最佳工艺条件为木材含水率60％,微波加热功率400W,微波加热时间2.5min;该方法较传统生产方式的生产率明显提高。