优氯净对苏云金杆菌伴孢晶体消毒效果及机理的研究

苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,简称BT菌)的伴孢晶体被优氯净液处理后,在相差显微镜下观察,失去暗蓝色光泽,呈暗黑色,难溶于碱性缓冲液。虽能溶于昆虫的胃液,却失去致病性。用扫描电镜和SDS—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进一步研究,结果表明:优氯净能破坏伴孢晶体蛋白的一级和立体结构,使晶体蛋白失活,达到消毒的目的。消毒能力测定结果表明:1毫升0.03％有效氯优氯净液在3分钟内能消毒50微升BT菌液(3μg伴孢晶体/μl菌液)。消毒BT菌污染桑叶,用0.01％有效氯优氯净液浸泡3分钟即可。考虑到生产上的安全性,我们建议用0.05％有效氯优氯净消毒3—5分钟。     

Changes of intracellular potassium activity and membrane potential in guinea pig ventricular myocardium during superfusion with low sodium solutions and effects of low pH

AIM:To investigate the changes in intracellular potassium activity(aⁱK) and membrane potential(V_m) induced by low external sodium infusion (Low [Na]_o) and to detect the mechanisms involved and the relationship between aⁱK and V_m. METHODS:aⁱK and V_m were measured in infusion with different sodium concentrations using methods of convenient and ion selective microelectrodes in guinea pig ventricular myocardium. RESULTS:Low [Na]_o resulted in a decrease in aⁱK and an increase in V_m in a Na⁺ concentration-dependent manner.At the same time,contraction and resting potential increased, and action potential duration decreased markedly,but action potential amplitude was not affected. A change of the pH from 7.4 to 7.0 in low [Na]_o solution reduced the decrease in aⁱK, but did not affect the increase in V_m.CONCLUSION:A better linear relationship appeared between the changes in aⁱk and [Na]_o or in V_m and [Na]_o,while during each low [Na]_o the change in both aⁱK or V_m may reach a new balance level.     

In vitro studies of Norwegian Red bovine semen immobilized and cryopreserved in alginate solid gel network

Development of new semen cryopreservation techniques improving sperm survival and ensuring availability of viable spermatozoa for a prolonged time‐period after AI is promising tools to reduce sensitivity of timing of AI and enhance overall fertility. The SpermVital^® technology utilizes immobilization of bull spermatozoa in a solid network of alginate gel prior to freezing, which will provide a gradual release of spermatozoa after AI. The objective of this study was to compare post‐thaw sperm quality and in vitro sperm survival over time of Norwegian Red bull semen processed by the SpermVital^® (SV) technology, the first commercialized production line of SpermVital^® (C) and by conventional procedure applying Biladyl^® extender (B). Post‐thaw sperm motility was not significantly different between SV, C and B semen (p > .05). However, sperm viability and acrosome intactness were higher for SV than C and B semen (p < .05). Small differences in DNA quality were observed (p < .05). Sperm viability after storage in uterus ex vivo was higher for SV than for C semen (p < .05). Furthermore, sperm survival in vitro over time at physiological temperature was significantly higher for SV semen than C semen as well as B semen during the incubation period of 48 hr (p < .05). In conclusion, the SpermVital^® technology is improved and is more efficient in conserving post‐thaw sperm quality and results in higher sperm viability over time in vitro for SV than for C and B semen.     

基于Bacillus cereus 3BS1的生物肥研究

[目的]本研究主要目的是探索海藻酸钠细菌颗粒生物肥最佳基材配方,对此种生物肥在贮存及应用中的性质及土壤中降解特性进行研究。[方法]生物肥最佳包埋基材的筛选,细菌计数法研究生物肥在4℃和室温条件下贮存时细菌活性的变化情况,通过生物肥直径变化研究其在土壤中的生物降解情况。[结果]研究表明,基材配方为1.5%海藻酸钠+0.5%大米粉的生物肥,能够达到最佳构形及最高细菌活性,与未加入大米粉的1.5%纯海藻酸盐基材相比,细菌包含率最高,为112.3%,且在贮存过程中能够保持细菌的高活性。此生物肥埋在土壤中3 cm深时降解最快,11 d可完全降解。[结论]获得一种低成本、实用、高效的生物肥,基材最佳配方为1.5%海藻酸钠+0.5%大米粉。     

An improved method for extraction of sorghum polymeric protein complexes

A method for fractionating sorghum proteins using extraction solvents and techniques designed to obtain polymeric protein structures (especially disulfide linked) was developed. Extraction and separation conditions were optimized in terms of completeness of protein extraction, sample stability, and analytical resolution. After pre-extraction of albumins and globulins, a 3-step sequential procedure involving no reducing agents was applied to ground whole sorghum flour. The three fractions obtained represented proportionally different protein polymer contents and molecular weight distribution as evidenced by comparative size exclusion chromatography. Protein composition also varied among the extracts with differences in kafirin composition and non-kafirin proteins detected in the fractions by RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE analysis. The ability to quantify and further characterize sorghum polymeric protein complexes will be useful for additional studies linking protein structures with functionality and digestibility and variations for these properties within diverse sorghum germplasm.     

有机改良剂对温室土壤及番茄质量的影响

研究了优培-海藻生物有机肥(Y)、微生物菌肥(W)和腐植酸有机肥对日光温室土壤的理化性质、有效态微量元素含量、酶活性以及番茄品质等方面的影响,旨在探索快速、简易且廉价的土壤改良方法,为日光温室土壤改良及有机蔬菜生产提供理论依据。结果表明,不同土壤改良剂对土壤p H无显著影响,在番茄生育期内土壤p H值始终在7.0以上,没有出现酸化问题;拉秧后,除中量腐植酸有机肥(FM)外,其他各处理均能有效降低土壤EC值并达到极显著水平;各处理对提升有效态Mn、Zn和Fe含量的效果不显著,其中,仅高量腐植酸有机肥处理(FH)能同时提高开花结果盛期0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的有效态Zn含量,与CK相比,分别增加10.8%和13.2%;不同土壤改良剂均可提高土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性;不同土壤改良剂对碱性磷酸酶的酶活性影响较小;微生物菌肥对酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的酶活性影响相对明显;不同土壤改良剂均能提高番茄可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸和维生素C的含量,其中,中量腐植酸有机肥处理提高了番茄的糖酸比。土壤改良剂可有效改善日光温室土壤特性及番茄品质。     

Analysis on Sustained Release of Protein from Microcapsule Prepared by Alginate

The paper studies a drug deliversy system for protein and find the optimum preparation condition.Cross-linked alginate(Alg) microcapsule was used to prepare microcapsule for protein,using bovine serum album(BSA) as a model drug.Effect of different cations and content of protein on configuration,size and enveloped rate of microcapsule were investigated.It is shown that Ba-Alg microcapsule has steady configuration,homogeneous size and high-enveloped rate.Also electrophoresis of native BSA before microencapsulation and after microencapsulation is measured by(SDS-PAGE),it is found that no significant change is observed BSA integrity.Release of BSA from microcapsule in vitro presents sustained release in some extent,and initial burst effect is significantly obvious.Microenpsulation drug in alginate will be a wishful drug delivery system.     

A Novel Alginate Lyase: Identification,Characterization, and Potential Application in Alginate Trisaccharide Preparation

Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have many biological activities and significant applications in prebiotics, nutritional supplements, and plant growth development. Alginate lyases have unique advantages in the preparation of AOS. However, only a limited number of alginate lyases have been so far reported to have potentials in the preparation of AOS with specific degrees of polymerization. Here, an alginate-degrading strain Pseudoalteromonas arctica M9 was isolated from Sargassum, and five alginate lyases were predicted in its genome. These putative alginate lyases were expressed and their degradation products towards sodium alginate were analyzed. Among them, AlyM2 mainly generated trisaccharides, which accounted for 79.9% in the products. AlyM2 is a PL6 lyase with low sequence identity (≤28.3%) to the characterized alginate lyases and may adopt a distinct catalytic mechanism from the other PL6 alginate lyases based on sequence alignment. AlyM2 is a bifunctional endotype lyase, exhibiting the highest activity at 30 °C, pH 8.0, and 0.5 M NaCl. AlyM2 predominantly produces trisaccharides from homopolymeric M block (PM), homopolymeric G block (PG), or sodium alginate, with a trisaccharide production of 588.4 mg/g from sodium alginate, indicating its promising potential in preparing trisaccharides from these polysaccharides.     

羧甲基纤维素钠对壤砂土水分运动及水力参数的影响

科学使用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)实现保水控盐对于滨海壤砂盐碱土改良具有重要意义,而明晰CMC对滨海壤砂土水分运动规律的影响是科学使用CMC的重要基础。为研究施加CMC滨海壤砂土水分运动规律,本文通过开展一维垂直土柱积水入渗试验,探索不同CMC施量(0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6 g?kg-1) 对壤砂土入渗特性、水分分布和土壤水力参数的影响。结果表明,施用CMC土壤的最终累积入渗量增加了4.90％～15.17％、达到预设湿润锋深度的入渗时间增加了61.90%～604.73%;Philip入渗模型参数吸渗率S和Green-Ampt模型参数KsSf均随CMC施量的增加而减少,吸渗率S和平均土壤水扩散率与CMC施量之间的数学关系分别可用二次多项式和指数函数来表示;CMC增强了土壤的持水能力,土壤剖面含水量提高了0.72%～3.74%;CMC通过改变土壤结构影响了土壤水力参数,滞留含水率θr、饱和含水率θs及进气吸力倒数α均与CMC施量呈正相关关系,而与饱和导水率Ks和形状系数n呈反比关系。通过对变异系数CV的分析发现,CMC对饱和导水率Ks和进气吸力倒数α影响表现为中等差异,对滞留含水率θr、饱和含水率θs和形状系数n表现为弱差异。研究结果揭示了CMC对滨海壤砂土减渗保水的内在机理,为滨海盐碱地的改良提供了理论参考。     

咸水冻融灌溉对重度盐渍土壤水盐分布的影响

室内咸水冰融化试验设置2个处理:7.5 g L-1咸水冰(SIW(7.5))、15 g L-1咸水冰(SIW(15)),探究了咸水冰融化过程中的水量、水质以及离子组成的变化;土柱模拟试验设置同一灌水量(150mm),4个处理:淡水直接灌溉(FW)、7.5 g L-1咸水直接灌溉(SW)、7.5 g L-1咸水冻融灌溉(SIW(7.5))、15 g L-1咸水冻融灌溉(SIW(15)),对比分析两种灌溉水质(淡水、咸水)和两种灌水方式(直接灌溉、结冰灌溉)对土壤(粉砂壤土)水盐动态的影响。结果表明:咸水冰融化过程中,初期融出水量较大,但含盐量和钠吸附比(SAR)较高,后期融出水量较小,含盐量和SAR很低;融出水的离子含量变化与电导率(EC)变化表现相同的趋势;小于3 g L-1的水的融出率分别是SIW(7.5)=25.46%和SIW(15)=32.78%。FW处理下,土壤中水盐运动持续时间较其他3个处理长,土壤导水率降低最快,灌溉水入渗完成时表层土壤含水量达到33.88%,显著高于其他处理。四种处理下,0~15 cm土层土壤的含盐量平均值分别为FW=2.32 g kg-1、SIW(7.5)=2.80 g kg-1、SIW(15)=3.87 g kg-1、SW=4.31 g kg-1。同等灌水量下,SIW(15)处理下土壤脱盐深度最浅。离子分析表明:FW和SIW(7.5)处理下,0~25 cm土壤的钠吸附比(SAR)下降明显,显著小于SW、SIW(15);然而FW处理下,土壤碱化特征最为明显。综合而言,在淡水资源缺乏而咸水资源相对丰富的地区,中度矿化度咸水结冰融水灌溉可以有效降低根层土壤盐分,满足农业生产的要求。