从《紫钗记》与《牡丹亭》管窥明代女性园林香境

园林是明代女性生活的重要空间,用香赏香是女性园林生活中不可或缺的内容,丰富的香气与女性的情感交融,营造出意蕴深远的香境,这在戏剧中体现得尤为突出.选择明代戏剧家汤显祖的作品《紫钗记》与《牡丹亭》为研究材料,梳理其中描述的女性园林空间的主要香气来源,解析氤氲的香气及其所在环境所蕴含的女性丰富情感,以此窥探明代女性园林香境...     

顺德清晖园荷池香景感知评价研究

聚焦岭南园林荷池香景营造,以顺德清晖园为例,采用香景漫步和问卷调查的方法,分析游人对荷香的感知评价,绘制香景地图,揭示荷香的空间分布特征及感知特征。从香景地图可见,清晖园荷香主要分布于澄漪亭一带及六角亭和绿湖红雾门附近,其中尤其以澄漪亭被感知荷香的频次最高,是荷香消夏的理想场所;从主观评价得出,大多数人喜爱荷香,认为其强度为弱,持续时长短,香气类型为清爽,对香景的感知受其经验记忆的影响。香景地图作为一种以人的感知为途径,将无形的香气进行可视化表达的记录与监测方式,可为古典园林遗产保护与遗产文化呈现提供新的视野和启发。     

中国传统园林植物香景哲理意蕴解析

中国传统园林注重应用植物营造香景,并在长期的园林审美活动中赋予了香景丰富的人文内涵。通过对历代园林诗文绘画及匾额楹联的梳理考察,发现宋代以降受理学、禅宗、老庄思想的影响,植物香景富有深邃的哲理意蕴,突出体现在“静观生意”“闻于无香”“参香通禅”“听香”4种审美观照中,其核心在于透过植物散发香气的勃勃生机窥见大化流行,感悟生命本真,臻入物我为一的超然境界。     

Sniff the urban park: Unveiling odor features and landscape effect on smellscape in Guangzhou,China

Smellscape, as the sense of smell cross space, has a huge impact on human behavior, attitudes and health. However, so far it has rarely been addressed and measured in both landscape practice and theories. The present case study refined the quantitative smellwalk method to examine the spatial and temporal features of urban park smellscape. The effects of landscape patterns on smellscape were further unraveled combining with remote sensing techniques and field surveys. The results indicated that: (i) human activities and nature odors dominated the urban park odor environments, (ii) the temporal variation of the urban park smellscape was mainly driven by human activities, (iii) the different site types of urban park exerted a significant impact on the composition of the smellscape, and (iv) the landscape pattern characteristics of forest, shrubs, grass, water, buildings and roads had significant effects on different types of odors. This study poses a first systematic exploration of various odors in urban green environments and offers novel insights into the design of smellscape via unveiling spatial-temporal odor distribution patterns.     

Study on smellscape perception and landscape application of fragrant plants

Plants in parks emit different fragrances. How will these fragrances affect us? How can we better allocate these plants? In this paper, five kinds of traditional fragrant plants in northern China were selected for fragrance analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and the fragrance types and diffusion process were analyzed by a smell-walking method. Subjective evaluation of fragrance perception was carried out in outdoor plant communities using a semantic differential method. At the same time, the application of fragrant plants was discussed. The purpose was to explore the relationship between smellscape and perception and provide a reference for smellscape map drawing and landscape application of fragrant plants. Study plants were shown to plants present different fragrance types: monoterpense, syringaldehyde, β-ionone and acetic acid phenylmethyl ester were the main compounds of magnolia, syringa, osmanthus and wintersweet, and linalool was also the major compounds of tree peony, osmanthus and wintersweet. Smell-walking survey reported that magnolia and tree peony exhibited a woody and light medicinal fragrance, syringa emitted a powerful hyacinth-like odor, osmanthus had a strong sweet smell, and wintersweet had a fresh sweet smell. And subjective evaluation of fragrance perception was positive; the evaluation value of osmanthus was the highest, followed by magnolia and wintersweet, and finally syringa and tree peony. Further, subjects found tree peony to be less pleasant because of its mixed fragrance. We also found that fragrance concentration and diffusion were related to plant density, tree height, receptor location and spatial range. Other factors, such as surrounding plants, landscape architecture, rockery and water also affected fragrance diffusion. Our findings show that these myriad factors should be considered comprehensively in plant allocation.