香菇夏季不同栽培模式对产量的影响研究

研究了香菇在夏季栽培中的露地栽培、半地下式栽培、半覆土栽培等3种不同栽培模式对产量的影响。比较表明：半覆土栽培的较有优势，生物转化率高。     

淀粉废液发酵香菇菌丝体

作者以淀粉废液为主要碳源,运用正交试验,采用摇瓶发酵筛选香菇液体发酵培养基。结果显示,在以淀粉废液为主要碳源的培养基中,每升含玉米浆１０ｇ,甲基纤维素１０ｇ,碳酸镁８．８ｍｇ和硫酸亚铁５ｍｇ最适宜于香菇菌丝生长发育。在诸因素中,甲基纤维素最重要。提示香菇液体发酵菌丝球的数量与大小,除与菌种、营养成分有关外,还与培养基的粘度（Ｖｉｓｃｏｓｉｔｙ）相关。添加适量的甲基纤维素能使香菇菌丝球变小,均匀而菌丝量增加。     

Cultivation of shiitake in sugi wood meal II: effects of seasoning treatment for wood meal on mycelial growth

The effects of seasoning treatment for fresh sugi wood meal on the mycelial growth of shiitake was investi-gated. The mycelial growth of shiitake in sugi wood meal increased to the same level as that in extract-free sugi wood meal on the 12th day and to approximately 70% of that in konara wood meal on the 28th day of the seasoning treatment. A drastic decrease in extracts of fresh sugi wood meal occurred during the early stage of treatment, and the neutral fraction of methanol extracts decreased to less than 2%. The drainage of sugi wood meal media significantly increased during the later stage of treatment. No changes in the chemical components of sugi wood meal were detected during the seasoning treatment. The mycelial growth of shiitake in the fully seasoned sugi wood meal, which was prepared for commercial mushroom cultivation, was at almost the same level as that in the extract-free sugi wood meal. All of the seasoned sugi wood meals contained a neutral fraction of less than 1%. These results suggested that seasoning treatment can promote mycelial growth of shiitake in sugi wood meal by eliminating inhibitors and improving the physical properties of sugi wood.Part of this paper was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999     

Effect of water potential on fruit body formation ofLentinula edodes in sawdust-based substrate

The influence of substrate water potential () on the growth and fruiting of three genotypes of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) was investigated. A slight reduction of (–0.5MPa) stimulated mycelial and colony growth on liquid, agar, and sawdust-based substrates.L. edodes has been found to grow well at a around –0.5 MPa, which corresponds to a moisture content around 55%. A small decrease in at the final vegetative growth phase had positive effects on flush quantity. The substrate was significantly affected by the interaction between genotypes and spawn run time. The of well-colonized mature substrate was –0.7MPa before and –4.OMPa after the fruiting. The rose again to –0.7MPa during rapid absorbance of water by soaking, and this rise was repeated during the second and third flushes. It is suggested that the water-holding capacity of a substrate is related to culture maturity. Excellent water-providing capacity (higher) is expected in the substrate of well-matured cultures with a high density of mycelial colonization.Part of this paper was presented at the 46th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kumamoto, April 1996     

香菇菌株遗传多样性ISSR、RAPD和SRAP综合分析

采用ISSR、RAPD和SRAP分子标记技术对收集到的26株供试香菇(Lentinula edodes)菌株进行遗传多样性分析,将分析数据合并构建UPGMA亲缘关系树状图,综合分析结果表明,26株供试香菇菌株间的遗传相似系数范围为0.49～0.97,在相似系数0.61时可分为3个类群,具有相似遗传背景或来源于野生资源的菌株优先聚类在同一亚群,由5株野生菌株组成的第三类群与21株主栽菌株相似系数仅为0.50,存在非常明显的遗传差异.该试验结果表明:该方法可以更好地解释供试香菇菌株间的亲缘关系;加强野生香菇种质资源的评价和鉴定研究,将有利于我国现有主栽香菇的品种改良和培育出具有自主知识产权的优良香菇新品种.     

香菇生料栽培技术研究

本文报道了利用棉籽壳、木屑、麸皮为主料，不经湿热灭菌而栽培香菇的方法。提出培养料经55℃以上7天发酵，翻堆两次，装袋接种培菌。最佳培菌气温恒定于12℃以下，无光低温。试验结果，生料与熟料产量接近。     

Evaluation of maturity by use of pH indicators in sawdust-based cultures ofLentinula edodes

Colorimetric pH indicators were examined for their use in judging the culture maturity of sawdust-based cultures of shiitake,Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler. Bromophenol blue (BPB) was the preferred indicator for judging culture maturity. Culture pH changes were detected as changes in color from bluish purple to yellow by direct spraying. The pH values of such cultures varied from 6.3 before inoculation to 4.0 during the fruiting stage. Culture maturity assessment can be used to control fruit body flush timing. Measurement of BPB staining inL. edodes sawdustbased cultures showed a good correlation with fruit body yield of the first flush. This method was concluded to be of value for detecting fruiting potential and therefore may be useful for evaluating flush timing forL. edodes cultivators using sawdust-based methods.     

康县香菇产业现状及发展建议

香菇生产是康县农业农村经济重要的优势产业和支柱性产业之一。基于实地调研,分析了康县香菇的产业基础、品牌建设、产业模式、技术特色等方面的优势。针对康县香菇产业发展中存在的主要问题,提出了扶持龙头企业、研发推广新技术新产品、开展地理标志认证、扩大林地规模等发展建议。     

香菇菌丝深层培养及多糖提取工艺研究

为获得多糖产率高的香菇菌株和提高香菇菌丝体多糖收率，从多种香菇菌中筛选出优良菌株，经过深层培养实验，初步确定了香菇多糖提取工艺。认为，黄豆粉、葡萄糖培养基是最适的合成多糖的培养基。     

刺孔通气对香菇子实体形成的影响

本文报道了刺孔通气对香菇予实体形成的重要作用。经刺孔通气的人造菇木,发生的香菇个数显著增加,单菇增重,产量大幅度提高,特别是对中低温品种效果更显著,菌丝成熟时间可缩短30多天,比常规管理增产63.0%,达到百公斤干料产干菇11.2公斤的高产。