Molecular Identification of a New Member of the Clover Proliferation Phytoplasma Group (16SrVI) Associated with Centaurea Solstitialis Virescence in Italy

In the United States, yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) is an annual invasive weed with Mediterranean origins. Malformed plants displaying witches' broom, fasciations, abortion of buds and flower virescence symptoms were observed in central Italy. Attempts to transmit the causal agent from the natural yellow starthistle host to periwinkle by grafting, resulted in typical symptoms of a phytoplasma, i.e. yellowing and shortening of internodes. The detection of phytoplasmas was obtained from both symptomatic yellow starthistle and periwinkle by the specific amplification of their 16S-23S rRNA genes. PCR amplification of extracted DNA from symptomatic plant samples gave a product of expected size. Asymptomatic plants did not give positive results. An amplicon obtained by direct PCR with universal primers P1/P7 was cloned and sequenced. The homology search using CLUSTALW program showed more than 99% similarity with Illinois elm yellows (ILEY) phytoplasma from Illinois (United States) and 97% with Brinjal little leaf (BLL) phytoplasma from India. Digestion of the nested-PCR products with restriction enzymes led to restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns referable to those described for phytoplasmas belonging to the clover proliferation (16S-VI) group. Since this is a previously undescribed disease, the name Centaurea solstitialis virescence has been tentatively assigned to it. This is a new phytoplasma with closest relationships to ILEY and BLL, but distinguishable from them on the basis of 16S rDNA homology, the different associated plant hosts and their geographical origin.     

Study on Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activities of Lysozyme From Marine Strain S-12-86 In Vitro

In this study, the in vitro antimicrobial and antiviral activities of the lysozyme from marine strain S-12-86 （LS） were investigated, The antimicrobial activity of LS was tested by minimum inhibition concentration （MIC） and minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC） method. The inhibiting effects of LS on pseudo rabies virus （PRV） in swine kidney cells （PK-15 ceils） were judged by cytopathogenic effect test （CPE）, The results showed LS had a broad antimicrobial spectrum against several standard strains including gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, fungi, etc, The MIC of LS was 0.25-4.00 mg mL^-1 and its MBC was 0.25-8.00 mg mL^-1, respectively, Observation under the transmission electron microscope revealed that the cell wall of Candida albicans was distorted seriously, and the cytoplasm with many cavities was asymmetrical after being hydrolyzed by LS, The median cytotoxicity concentration （TC50） of LS was 100.0 μg mL^-1, the median effective concentration （EC50） was 0.46 μg mL^-1, and the selectivity index （TI = TC50/EC50） was 217. LS could inhibit PRV in PK-15 cells when it was added to cell culture medium at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after PK-15 cells had been infected by PRV. From the results, we concluded that LS had broad antimicrobial spectrum and good inhibiting effects on PRV,     

杂交水稻新品种特优180的选育与应用

特优180是福建省南平市农业科学研究所用不育系龙特甫A与自选恢复系南恢180配组选育而成的抗病高产杂交水稻新品种。在品比试验,福建省区试及生产试验中表现高产稳产、生育期适中、适应性广、中抗稻瘟病等优良特性,2008年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定。介绍了其选育过程、主要特征特性、高产栽培和制种技术要点。     

渔业专题电子海图的数据结构设计

为实现渔业专题电子海图的标准化生产与应用,本文以IHO S-57国际电子海图标准为基础,通过分析海图数据模型和数据结构,以及渔业专题信息的主要内容和特点,扩展了数据集信息记录中的数据集标识字段,定义了海洋渔业专题电子海图产品的编码规则,在物标和属性类目中增加了渔业专题物标和专题属性,并添加了部分专题属性项(值),从而设计了渔业专题电子海图的数据结构。研究成果将有利于整合、共享与应用海洋渔业信息,促进渔业专题电子海图产品的研发与生产,为渔业生物资源研究与利用、渔业生产与管理以及海洋渔业经济发展等提供规范化信息服务支持。     

热研8-79旺产期开割树产胶生理特性研究初报

以我国中规模推广级早熟高产品种热研8-79旺产期开割树为材料,测定了产量、干含、蔗糖、无机磷、硫醇和镁离子等指标变化,以期研究该品种的生理特性和对s/2d/3+ET1%刺激割胶制度的适应性。结果表明,无刺激条件下,相对于生理基本平衡的RRIM600品种,热研8-79具有高糖、高硫醇和高产的特性;刺激后产量增加不明显,胶乳的稳定性增强,但糖和干胶含量有所下降,显示出部分疲劳生理效应。根据该品种产量很高、较易死皮的特点,生产中刺激割胶应遵循低浓度低频率原则,同时必须加强施肥,提高管理水平。     

烯效唑延缓小麦成熟期间叶片衰老的效应

１９８９～１９９２年田间与盆栽试验，研究烯效唑对小麦成熟期间旗叶及下二叶等三片功能叶衰老的延缓作用和增产效果。研究表明：１．烯效唑延缓小麦成熟期间功能叶片的衰老，表现在叶片细胞电解质渗漏率降低，超氧物歧化酶活性增高，丙二醛积累减少；２．烯效唑对离休旗叶片有保绿作用；于小麦齐穗期喷施２０～４０×１０－６，烯效唑药液７５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，可提高小麦千粒重３～４ｇ，增产１２％～１６％。     

花生根瘤菌遗传多样性的RFLP分析

利用16S rRNA PCR-RFLP和16S-23S rRNA IGS PCR-RFLP技术对分离自我国不同地区的55株花生慢生根瘤菌和6株参比菌株进行了遗传多样性研究.16S rRNA PCR-RFLP分析结果表明,在63%的相似性水平上,91%的供试花生幔生根瘤菌与B.japonicum和B.elkanii聚在一起;16S-23S rRNA IGS PCR-RFLP分析结果表明,供试花生慢生根瘤菌具有较丰富的遗传多样性,在65.8%的相似性水平上可分为3大类群.     

血红铆钉菇多糖对小鼠S_（180）肉瘤的抑制作用

[目的]研究血红铆钉菇多糖对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑制作用及免疫增强作用,以找到一种副作用小的抑制肿瘤新方法。[方法]以低、中、高不同剂量血红铆钉菇多糖及环磷酰胺[20 mg/（kg.d）]灌服小鼠,观察抑瘤效果。[结果]与空白组对照,低、中、高剂量血红铆钉菇多糖对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑制率分别为76.018%、24.216%、54.763%,低剂量组抑瘤率远高于环磷酰胺对照组（53.839%）;低剂量组小鼠的脾指数与环磷酰胺对照组相比差异显著（P〈0.05）;低剂量和中剂量组小鼠的胸腺指数与环磷酰胺对照组相比差异极显著（P〈0.01）,具有较明显地保护免疫器官的作用。[结论]低剂量血红铆钉菇多糖可以有效抑制小鼠S180肉瘤,具有较强的抑瘤活性,同时能够有效保护免疫器官。     

S-3307和PP333对高羊茅愈伤组织诱导分化效应

植物调节剂烯效唑与多效唑在高羊茅组织培养中的效应与基因型密切相关.一定浓度(0.01 mg/L和0.1 mg/L)的S-3307使供试品种佳美与翠碧A的出愈率提高,却降低了另两个品种迪斯绿与猎狗5的出愈率;PP333仅对迪斯绿有抑制作用,而对其它3个品种起一定的促进作用.除佳美以外,在其它3个高羊茅品种中,观察到S-3307和PP333有明显促进愈伤组织分化,其最佳分化浓度分别为0.01 mg/L和0.1 mg/L.高浓度的S-3307与PP333 (＞1 mg/L) 对4个高羊茅品种愈伤组织的诱导和分化有毒性.     

瑞士乳酸杆菌HZ521株的分子鉴定及其部分生物学特性研究

根据GenBank中乳酸杆菌16 S～23 S rRNA基因间沉默区序列设计引物,进一步鏊定猪源乳酸杆菌分离株HZ521;并通过体外试验,以嗜酸乳酸杆菌ATCC 4356为参考菌株,探讨HZ521株的益生素作用.部分16 S～23 S rRNA基因序列同源性分析结果表明,该分离株属于瑞士乳酸杆菌.HZ521株具有较强的产酸能力,能耐受强酸,对Hela细胞的黏附率为87.2%,显著高于ATCC 4356株(P<0.01).表明瑞士乳酸杆菌HZ521株具有益生素特性,可作为肠道益生素的候选菌株.