Flower yield performance and stability of various Rosa damascena Mill. landraces under different ecological conditions

The flower yield stability of Damask rose as an important medicinal and aromatic plant at different environments has not been well documented. In order to evaluate flower yield and stability, 35 landraces of Damask rose were studied at 8 locations in Iran during 2007–2008. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) among landraces (G), environments (E), locations (L) and for landrace × environment (GE) and landrace × location (GL) interactions. Both GE and GL interactions were mainly crossover, a large portion of which was accounted for by non-linear (unpredictable) component. The landraces of IS9, YZ2, WA1, IS7 and IS1 with 3120.63, 2941.63, 2894.62, 2769.15 and 2716.92 kg/ha respectively produced the highest flower yield among studied landraces. Kerman with average flower yield of 3635.46 kg/ha produced the highest yield among studied locations. According to the results, most of landraces that originated from temperate, warm temperate and arid regions produced higher flower yield than those from cool, cool temperate, semi-arid and humid regions. The landraces of YZ2, IS5, IS8, IS4, KZ1, AR1_, IS3 and BA1 were stable and YZ2, IS5, IS8, IS4, KZ1, AR1 IS6, IS3, BA1, IS10 and YZ1 were adaptable landraces for flower yield according to Eberhart and Russell (1966) model. The presence of some high flower yield and stable landraces such as YZ2 and IS5 suggests that a genotype can demonstrate high flower yield and stability for yield simultaneously. Thus, simultaneous selection for flower yield and stability using nonparametric methods could be possible. In addition, taking into consideration flower yield and stability potential, the landraces of YZ2, IS5, IS8, IS4 and KZ1 as general stable, adaptable, and high flower yield are recommended. Furthermore, the landraces of IS9 and WA1 as high flower yield and specific adaptable landraces can be recommended for temperate and arid areas and the landraces of IS7 and IS1 for semitemperate and cool areas.     

月季新品种‘金焰’

‘金焰’是从现代切花月季品种‘金辉’栽培群体中选育出来的单头切花型新品种。阔瓣杯状大花型,重瓣橙粉色,花瓣数31～38枚;花径10～13 cm;切枝长度80～100 cm,粗细均匀;生长势较强,产量高,温室栽培年产切花12～15枝·株^-1。     

月季在城市园林绿化中的应用前景

目的探索外施水杨酸和茉莉酸甲酯对盐胁迫下月季品种月月粉生理特性的影响。方法采用水培方法,对月月粉幼苗进行高盐胁迫处理、外源激素处理以及盐与激素共处理,测定处理组和对照组的叶绿素、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量以及过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性。结果相较于单独盐胁迫,盐胁迫下外施水杨酸和茉莉酸甲酯使月月粉叶片叶绿素含量分别提高了98.03%和80.05%,叶片中脯氨酸含量分别提高了57.23%和49.72%,根系中脯氨酸含量分别提高了56.75%和89.31%,叶片中丙二醛含量分别降低了29.92%和16.79%,根系中丙二醛含量分别降低了28.62%和20.52%。结论外施水杨酸和茉莉酸甲酯处理均可缓解盐胁迫对月月粉的伤害,且茉莉酸甲酯的缓解效果优于水杨酸。     

盆栽朱蕉和月季N、P、K施肥比例初探

以观叶植物朱蕉和观花植物月季为试材进行施肥最佳Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例的选择。分别设４个Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例，３个施肥量。朱蕉以Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例为１６－１６－１６的处理最佳，对促进朱蕉株高生长的最大效率比硝酸磷肥提高了４２％。硝酸磷肥及４种Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例（１６－１６－１６，２２－１０－１０，２０－１０－１１，２１－１１－１１）的最佳施肥量分别为４、２、２、４、２ｇ／盆·２０天。月季以Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例为１８－８－１７为最佳。硝酸磷肥及４种比例（１６－１６－１６，１５－１５－２１，１４－１１－１２，１８－８－１７）的最佳施肥量分别为８、１２、４、４ｇ／盆·２０天。且Ａ１处理（１６－１６－１６）可使土壤ｐＨ值由偏碱性变为微酸性，Ｂ４处理（１８－８－１７）随施肥量的增加使土壤ｐＨ值逐渐降低。     

月季砧木的筛选研究

[目的]选出亲和力强、易繁殖、适应北方寒冷地区应用的月季砧木。【方法】研究3种蔷薇砧木和10个月季品种的嫁接成活率。【结果】月季品种间和蔷薇砧木间差异都显著,月季品种和蔷薇砧木是影响月季嫁接成活的关键因素。月季×蔷薇间的互作差异不显著,月季×蔷薇间没有最优组合．Natebelay蔷薇扦插成活率较高,嫁接亲和性最强,无刺野蔷薇具有抗寒、抗病强等优点。【结论】Natebelay蔷薇应作为月季砧木首选,无刺野蔷薇可作为北方寒冷地区月季砧木     

刺梨渣制备刺梨果醋的工艺优化

为将刺梨渣变废为宝,以刺梨渣为主要原料研制刺梨果醋,在单因素考察的基础上采用正交试验对醋酸发酵工艺进行优化.结果表明:果酒酒精度为5°,菌种加入量为10％,发酵温度为30℃的条件下,发酵10 d后所得果醋酸度最高,为2.79 g/100mL.调制后的刺梨果醋饮料呈金黄色,具有刺梨的独特香气,口感良好,酸甜爽口.     

野生黄木香的离体培养及其再生体系研究

以野生黄木香茎段为外植体,探讨了不同生长调节物质对其不定芽诱导、增殖和生根的影响,并建立了野生黄木香的高效再生体系。结果表明,利于野生黄木香分化的诱导培养基为M S+A gNO33.0 m g/L+6-BA1.5 m g/L+NAA 0.5 m g/L+琼脂6.5 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L;以M S+A gNO33.0 m g/L+6-BA 1.5 m g/L+NAA0.05 m g/L+琼脂6.5 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L为增殖培养基时的增殖效果最好,增殖倍数为5.5;黄木香高效的再生体系为1/2 M S+A gNO34.5 m g/L+IBA 0.2 m g/L+质量分数0.2%活性炭+琼脂4.0 g/L+蔗糖20 g/L,其生根率可达95%。     

金刺梨黑斑病病原菌的分离及鉴定

金刺梨黑斑病主要于开花期危害幼嫩的果梗,果梗受害后产生黑色干腐病斑,导致整个花序从果梗处脱落。对黑斑病病原菌进行了分离和鉴定,通过形态学特性、致病性测定、rDNA-ITS序列分析,初步确定该病主要由拟茎点霉属(Phomopsis Sacc.)的Phomopsis.capsici真菌引起。     

无籽刺梨染色体数目观察

以无籽刺梨组培苗根尖为材料,探讨其染色体制片技术。结果表明,无籽刺梨根尖在常温下用0.003mol/L8-羟基喹啉溶液预处理6-8h或0.004mol/L8-羟基喹啉溶液预处理4-6h后,在预冷的卡诺固定液（冰醋酸：无水乙醇=3:1中）0℃下处理15min,经95%乙醇:15% Hcl=1:1的解离液处理5min或无水乙醇:36-38% Hcl=1:1处理6min,然后用卡宝品红染色15或20min,其镜检效果较佳;无籽刺梨的染色体数目为2n=2x=14。无籽刺梨染色体制片技术研究及其染色体数目的确定对其遗传改良工作有着重要的意义。     

蔷薇种子催芽方法初探

采用9种处理方法,对4个品种的蔷薇种子进行处理,分析其种子发芽率.结果表明:种子发芽率处理方法间达到显著差异而品种间达到极显著差异.其中,低温沙藏层积+萘乙酸(NAA)和低温沙藏层积+高锰酸钾(KMnO₄)处理的种子发芽率显著高于其他.