Growth,yield and fruit quality of ‘Marisol’ clementine grown on four rootstocks in Egypt

To evaluate the most appropriate rootstocks for mandarin production in Egypt, vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of ‘Marisol’ clementine (as newly introduced cultivar in Egypt) grafted on Sour orange (the common rootstock), Cleopatra mandarin, Carrizo citrange and ‘Swingle’ citrumelo were evaluated under the Egyptian conditions during 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 seasons. Trees were grown in a private farm at ‘Wady El-Mullak’ region, Ismailia Governorate (Latitude, 30°36′ N; longitude, 32°14′ E; Altitude, 10 m above sea level).     

干旱胁迫对不同柑橘砧木叶片抗氧化系统的影响(摘要)(英文)

[目的]研究干旱胁迫对不同柑橘砧木叶片抗氧化系统的影响。[方法]采用盆栽方法控制盆土水分含量,研究不同程度干旱胁迫对山东枳壳、宁明桔、阳朔金宝酸桔、滑皮金桔、桂枳一号叶片中抗氧化酶系统(SOD、POD和CAT)的活性以及对蛋白质、GSH、MDA和O2-.含量的影响。[结果]所试5个品种的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素(a+b)含量随着干旱胁迫程度的增加均有不同程度的降低,重度胁迫条件下与对照间的差异显著;5个品种的SOD、CAT、POD活性随着干旱胁迫程度的增加均有不同程度的升高;干旱胁迫还引起5个品可溶性蛋白质含量的降低,显著提高了O2-.、GSH、MDA含量。[结论]该研究结果对干旱、半干旱地区柑橘砧木品种的选择具有重要意义。     

Planting density for grafted melon as an alternative to methyl bromide use in Mexico

One of the major challenges of melon (Cucumis melo L.) yield is the decrease of fruit yield and quality caused by soil diseases. Soil disinfection with methyl bromide (MB) has been used to prevent soil-borne diseases damage; however, use of MB is being restricted because this substance damages the ozone layer. Searching for new MB alternatives, field experiments were carried out in open fields in soils infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis, Olpidium bornovanus, and Melon Necrotic Spot Virus (MNSV) in Colima, Mexico, where melons had only been grown previously using soil fumigation with MB. Yield and quality of melon cultivar Cruiser F1 (Harris Moran seed company) grafted on two rootstocks of Cucurbita maxima Duchesne × Cucurbita moschata Duchesne (“RS841”; Séminis seed company and “Shintosa Camelforce”; Nunhens seed company) were evaluated during two consecutive years. Each experiment had five treatments, two of which with non-grafted plants at a density of 18,519 plants/ha, with and without MB fumigation. The other three treatments consisted of grafted plants in non-fumigated soil with plant densities of 14,815, 11,111, and 9260 plants/ha. The use of melon grafted on “RS841” and “Shintosa Camelforce” rootstocks significantly increased the average fruit weight and the total yield of melons in soil without the need for MB. Grafting may be considered an alternative to MB fumigation. With the use of grafted melon plants, planting density may be reduced by 60%, obtaining higher yields than those obtained from non-grafted plants grown on fumigated land. Fruits harvested from grafted plants had equal firmness than those harvested from non-grafted plants, without affecting the content of soluble solids.     

Micrografting of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) cultivars “Ferragnes” and “Ferraduel”

The success of various in vitro micrografting techniques, establishment of the rootstock, size of the microscion, and the effects of culture medium on the grafted seedling development for almond cultivars “Ferragnes” and “Ferraduel” were studied. In vitro germinated wild almond seedlings developed from seeds were used as rootstocks. Shoot culture initiation was successfully achieved from the above almond cultivars by culturing mature shoot tips from forced nodal buds, about 3–5 mm, on 0.7 mg/L BA and 0.01 mg/L NAA containing a MS medium. The regenerated adventitious shoots from in vitro cultures were maintained and proliferated by sub-culturing on a fresh medium every three to 4 weeks. Regenerated shoot tips, which were micrografted onto in vitro seedlings, resulted in the restoration of shoot proliferation. The results indicated that the most successful method for the grafting of tested almond cultivars was slit micrografting. High levels of micrograft take were achieved with all ranges of scions (4–15 mm) obtained from the regenerated shoot tips. Slow growth and lack of axillary shoot development on the micrografts were noticeable when the micrografts were cultured on hormone-free germination medium. In vitro micrografted plantlets were successfully acclimatized and no problems were encountered with the establishment of micrografted plants in vivo. The developed technique has demonstrated a high potential for application in the micropropagation of almond cvs. “Ferragnes” and “Ferraduel” and thereby, represents a feasible method for the renewal of almond orchards in Turkey and elsewhere in the world.     

利用苹果矮化砧木进行密植丰产栽培的意见

 本文总结了中国30多年来对苹果矮化砧木的利用工作，依据大范围的区域试验结果，论述了矮化砧木在苹果密植丰产栽培中的作用，提出了利用苹果矮砧的区划意见，以及与矮砧苹果相适应的系列栽培技术，最后就矮化砧木利用中的看法进行了讨论。作者认为在中国的主要苹果产区如渤海湾、胶东、黄河故道、秦岭北麓以及渭北高原等地均可栽培矮砧苹果，现在已经有了比较成熟的经验，因地制宜地选择利用矮化砧木，将对提高中国的苹果栽培水平起到积极作用。     

沉香优树嫁接成活率研究

为促进沉香无性繁殖进程,以沉香成年优树萌条为接穗,2年生土沉香实生苗为砧木进行嫁接试验。结果表明:不同优树穗条嫁接成活率呈极显著差异。接穗直径与嫁接成活率密切相关,选择直径在0.6~0.8 cm的接穗,嫁接成活率可达80%以上。接穗和砧木直径差值也影响嫁接成活率,差值在(0±0.09)cm时,嫁接成活率最高为84.9%,而差值大于0.4 cm时,成活率下降到50%以下。砧木接口直径在0.4~1.0 cm时,对嫁接成活率影响不大。     

不同砧木嫁接对辣椒品质及产量的影响

引进3份不同辣椒砧木品种嫁接中椒5号辣椒,研究不同砧木对中椒5号亲和性、生长发育、产量及品质的影响。试验结果表明,在三亚地区格拉夫特是嫁接中椒5号辣椒较好的砧木。     

根结线虫对不同砧木黄瓜嫁接苗生理生化指标的影响

对感染南方根结线虫的黄瓜嫁接苗和自根苗的各项生理生化指标进行了测定。结果表明,根结线虫侵染后,嫁接苗叶片光合参数（光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度）、保护酶（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶）活性、渗透调节物质（脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白）含量和根系活力均高于自根苗,而电解质渗漏率和丙二醛含量低于自根苗。不同砧木嫁接苗的抗线虫能力也不同,6种砧木嫁接苗的抗线虫能力依次为DTT—RS-39〉改良火凤凰〉崛京隆〉火凤凰〉优清台木〉黑籽南瓜。     

不同砧木品种对黄瓜蜡质性状及产量的影响

为筛选适宜栽培的黄瓜嫁接砧木,以自根苗为对照,在日光温室条件下评价了6个砧木品种对越冬茬黄瓜果皮蜡质及产量的影响。结果显示Z3、Z4砧木嫁接苗的果实上完全没有蜡质,果皮鲜艳亮绿,有油漆光感,蜡质果率和蜡质果指数均为0.0%,果实外观品质得到有效改善;Z4的667 m2总产量是自根苗的3.17倍,显著高于自根苗与其他品种;Z3的667 m2总产量是自根苗的2.79倍。综合评价来看,Z4最好,为无蜡质和高产的优良砧木,其次为Z3,其均可在生产上应用。     

Evaluation of rootstocks for the Cyprus local lemon variety ‘Lapithkiotiki’

The effect of various rootstocks on yield, yield efficiency, tree size and fruit quality of the local lemon variety ‘Lapithkiotiki’ (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F.) was studied under Cyprus conditions. Total cumulative yield over 13 years of production was the highest on rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush) followed by that on Volkameriana (C. volkameriana Ten. & Pasq.), Yuma Ponderosa lemon (C. limon (L.) Burm. F.), sour orange (C. aurantium L.), Citrus macrophylla Wester, Morton citrange (C. sinensis cv. Washington navel × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), Yuma citrange, Rangpur lime (C. limonia Obs.), Palestine sweet lime (C. limettioides Tan.), C-32 citrange and Citremon 1449 (C. limon × P. trifoliata), although no statistically significant differences were found between sour orange, the commercial rootstock used in Cyprus, and the other above mentioned rootstocks. Next in order as regards to total cumulative yield was Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata Blanko.) followed by Carrizo citrange, with statistically significant differences compared with sour orange. Trees on Citrumelo CPB-4475 (C. paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata) and C-35 citrange died 3–4 years after grafting. Canopy volume was the lowest for trees on Cleopatra mandarin and Carrizo citrange. Yield efficiency A, expressed as total cumulative yield per trunk cross-sectional area, was the highest on C. macrophylla and lowest on Carrizo citrange. Rootstock significantly affected fruit size and weight, rind thickness, juice content, brix, total acids and brix:acid ratio. The results of the present study reveal that the most promising rootstocks that may replace sour orange for the local lemon variety ‘Lapithkiotiki’ under Cyprus conditions are Volkameriana, Yuma Ponderosa lemon, C. macrophylla and Citremon 1449.