缬沙坦联用吲达帕胺缓释片对2型糖尿病伴高血压左心室肥厚及舒张功能的影响

目的观察缬沙坦联用吲达帕胺缓释片对2型糖尿病伴高血压左心室肥厚及舒张功能的影响。方法2型糖尿病伴高血压左心室肥厚及舒张功能不全患者120例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各60例。对照组服用缬沙坦80mg,每日1次;观察组服用缬沙坦80mg及吲达帕胺缓释片1.5mg,每日1次。所有病例观察20周,主要观察药物降压疗效、对左心室肥厚及左心室舒张功能的影响。结果缬沙坦和吲达帕胺缓释片联用比单用缬沙坦的降压效果更好。疗程结束后,观察组的舒张末期室间隔厚度及舒张末期左心室后壁厚度的改善程度明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论缬沙坦与吲达帕胺缓释片联用能有效的降低2型糖尿病伴高血压左心室肥厚及舒张功能不全患者的血压、逆转左心室肥厚及改善左心室的舒张功能。     

Abdominal compartment syndrome in a dog with babesiosis

Objective: To describe a case of abdominal compartment syndrome in a dog with babesiosis. Case summary: A 9‐year‐old female Bull Terrier presented with complicated babesiosis. Additional findings including respiratory distress, abdominal distension, and a decrease in urine output associated with an elevated abdominal pressure (23.5–25 cmH₂O) led to a further diagnosis of abdominal compartment syndrome. This case report describes the clinical course of both conditions through resolution. New information provided: Abdominal compartment syndrome is not well described in the veterinary literature, but clinicians should be aware of this potential complication in critically ill patients. The pathophysiology and veterinary literature of abdominal compartment syndrome are reviewed.     

Effects of puerarin on apelin-12, angiotensin II,NO and blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rat

AIM: To investigate the effects of puerarin on blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rats, and to measure puerarin-induced changes of apelin-12, angiotensin II (Ang II) and nitric oxide(NO), the factors related to development of hypertension. METHODS: Sixty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, of which 8 rats were randomly selected as sham operation group, and the remaining were used to make two-kidney, one-clip model. The rats that met the criterion for Goldblatt hypertensive rat model were randomly allocated into 5 groups: high-, middle- and low-dose puerarin groups, captopril group, and model group. The drugs were administered for 6 weeks. Blood pressure was measured every 2 weeks. Six weeks after treatment, all rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia. Blood and kidney samples were collected. The level of apelin-12 in serum and kidneys was detected by ELISA. The level of Ang II in plasma and kidneys was measured by radioimmunoassay. NO level in serum was examined by nitrate reductase assay. RESULTS: Puerarin had an antihypertensive effect in a dose-dependent manner. Marked decreases in the level of serum apelin-12 in high- and middle-dose puerarin groups were observed(P<0.01). Puerarin at low dose did not cause obvious change in the content of apelin but still reached significant level (P<0.05). As the dose of puerarin went up, the level of apelin-12 in the kidneys was gradually decreased. Puerarin at high and middle doses obviously reduced the level of AngII in plasma, while purarin at low dose did not produce any significant effects. Puerarin at high and middle doses markedly increased the level of NO in serum, but puerarin at low dose did not induce any significant changes. CONCLUSION: Puerarin has an antihypertensive effect, and its mechanism may be related to inducing the changes of apelin, Ang II and NO, and regulating the balance among those factors.     

一氧化氮对肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征的影响

肺动脉压升高是肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征(PHS)的重要发病机制。近年来研究表明一氧化氮(NO)在PHS发生发展中发挥着重要作用。本文论述了NO对肉鸡PHS发病过程的影响。一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和NO活性在PHS早期升高而后期下降。NO具有强大的扩张血管的作用,但在PHS过程中,NO合成相对不足,导致肺血管舒缩失衡,引起肺动脉压升高。肺血管重构是肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征的重要病理学变化特征,而NO可促进肺小动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡,在一定程度上抑制肺血管重构的形成。NO作为自由基对机体造成的损伤也是引起PHS的原因之一。在肉鸡日粮中补充NO前体物L-精氨酸可以增加内源性NO的生成,有助于降低PHS的发病率。     

虫茶联合缬沙坦治疗原发性高血压临床观察

目的 观察虫茶联合缬沙坦治疗原发性高血压的疗效。方法 将符合诊断标准的144例原发性高血压患者随机分为两组,治疗组72例给予虫茶及缬沙坦治疗,对照组72例单纯应用缬沙坦治疗。两组连续治疗4周后比较其临床疗效。结果 治疗组显效率为40.3%,总有效率为87.5%,对照组分别为25.0%和76.4%,两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组治疗后收缩压及舒张压比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,治疗组优于对照组。结论 虫茶联合缬沙坦治疗原发性高血压疗效确切。     

国医大师张学文教授治疗原发性高血压病肝热血瘀证用药规律研究

目的 应用中医传承辅助系统软件,挖掘分析张学文教授治疗原发性高血压病肝热血瘀证的用药规律。方法 收集张学文教授近5年治疗原发性高血压病肝热血瘀证的病例,采用关联规则、系统熵聚类等数据挖掘方法,分析张学文教授治疗原发性高血压病肝热血瘀证的用药经验和用药规律。结果 对筛选出的116首典型处方进行统计分析,得出处方中药物的使用频次、药物之间的关联规则、药物核心组合和新处方。结论 张学文教授诊治原发性高血压病肝热血瘀证,以天麻钩藤饮和（或）脑清通汤为基础方加减,多用平肝熄风、活血化瘀药以治标,再加补肾、安神等药以扶正,标本兼治。     

Immobilization of African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) using etorphine–midazolam compared with etorphine–azaperone

ObjectiveTo compare induction times and physiological effects of etorphine–azaperone with etorphine–midazolam immobilization in African buffaloes.Study designRandomized crossover study.AnimalsA group of 10 adult buffalo bulls (mean body weight 353 kg).MethodsEtorphine–azaperone (treatment EA; 0.015 and 0.15 mg kg^–1, respectively) and etorphine–midazolam (treatment EM; 0.015 and 0.15 mg kg^–1, respectively) were administered once to buffaloes, 1 week apart. Once in sternal recumbency, buffaloes were instrumented and physiological variables recorded at 5 minute intervals, from 5 minutes to 20 minutes. Naltrexone (20 mg mg^–1 etorphine dose) was administered intravenously at 40 minutes. Induction (dart placement to recumbency) and recovery (naltrexone administration to standing) times were recorded. Arterial blood samples were analysed at 5 and 20 minutes. Physiological data were compared between treatments using a general linear mixed model and reported as mean ± standard deviation. Time data were compared using Mann-Whitney U test and reported as median (interquartile range) with p ≤ 0.05.ResultsActual drug doses administered for etorphine, azaperone and midazolam were 0.015 ± 0.001, 0.15 ± 0.01 and 0.16 ± 0.02 mg kg^–1, respectively. Induction time for treatment EA was 3.3 (3.6) minutes and not different from 3.2 (3.2) minutes for treatment EM. The overall mean arterial blood pressure was significantly lower for treatment EA (102 ± 25 mmHg) than that for treatment EM (163 ± 18 mmHg) (p < 0.001). The PaO₂ for treatment EA (37 ± 12 mmHg; 5.0 ± 1.6 kPa) was not different from that for treatment EM (43 ± 8 mmHg; 5.8 ± 1.1 kPa). Recovery time was 0.8 (0.6) minutes for treatment EA and did not differ from 1.1 (0.6) minutes for treatment EM.Conclusions and clinical relevanceTreatment EA was as effective as treatment EM for immobilization in this study. However, systemic arterial hypertension was a concern with treatment EM, and both combinations produced clinically relevant hypoxaemia. Supplemental oxygen administration is recommended with both drug combinations.     

降糖降压汤对2型糖尿病合并高血压患者脂肪因子及细胞因子的影响

目的 探讨降糖降压汤对2型糖尿病合并高血压患者脂肪因子与细胞因子的影响。方法 将糖尿病合并高血压患者100例,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各50例。对照组患者行常规西药降糖降压治疗,观察组患者在对照组治疗基础上,加用降糖降压汤治疗。治疗4周后,观察两组患者治疗前后血糖、血压、血脂及血浆他扎罗汀诱导基因 2（Chemerin）、血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、脂联素（APN）、脑钠肽（BNP）的变化。结果 观察组总有效率为94%,对照组总有效率为76%,观察组明显高于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗后两组血糖、血压、血清三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、Chemerin、Hcy、BNP较治疗前均明显下降（P<0.05）,且观察组比对照组下降更明显（P<0.05）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、APN较治疗前均有所上升（P<0.05）,且观察组比对照组上升更明显（P<0.05）。结论 降糖降压汤对2型糖尿病合并高血压患者的脂肪因子及细胞因子有较好的调节功效及临床疗效,值得临床推广。     

The suitability of some blood gas and biochemical parameters as diagnostic tools or early indicators of ascites syndrome in broiler sire lines

In recent few years, there have been some attempts to find a reliable indicator trait as a selection criterion against susceptibility to ascites syndrome (AS). Blood parameters were of great interest as they could be measured in live animals without implementing an ascites‐inducing challenge (AIC). In this work, the suitability of some blood parameters was evaluated for diagnosing AS‐susceptible chicks in later steps of the disease in trial 1 as well as their early predictive ability in trial 2. In the first trial, one hundred 1‐day‐old chicks from two pure broiler lines namely S₁ and S₂ and, in the second trial, 226 1‐day‐old chicks from line S₂ were subjected to AIC. Saline drinking water (1200 mg/l) and lower‐than‐standard ambient temperatures were the implemented AICs in trials 1 and 2 respectively. The blood parameters including pH, partial pressure of O₂ (pO₂), partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂), bicarbonate ion concentration (BIC), percentage of haematocrit (HCT) and saturated haemoglobin (SaO₂) were measured twice per each bird at days 28 and 35 in trial 1 and once in trial 2 at day 21. The results of the first trial revealed that in line S₂ some of the blood parameters differed significantly between the ascitic and non‐ascitic groups following exposure to AIC. In this line, the incidence of AS was accompanied by a lower pO₂, SaO₂ and BIC, while with higher pCO₂ and HCT values. In the second trial, however, although almost all of the parameters showed meaningful differences between the ascitic and non‐ascitic broilers, only mean difference of BIC parameter was statistically significant. The general conclusion of this study is that the blood parameters can somewhat have diagnostic ability in the condition in which the AIC is already present, whereas the results did not approve their usefulness as early predictors of AS.     

ACQUIRED PORTAL COLLATERAL CIRCULATION IN THE DOG AND CAT

We describe patterns of acquired portal collateral circulation in dogs and in a cat using multidetector row computed tomography angiography. Large portosystemic shunts included left splenogonadal shunts in patients with portal hypertension. Small portal collaterals were termed varices; these collaterals had several patterns and were related either to portal vein or cranial vena cava obstruction. Varices were systematized on the basis of the venous drainage pathways and their anatomic location, namely left gastric vein varix, esophageal and paraesophageal varices, gastroesophageal and gastrophrenic varices, gallbladder and choledocal varices, omental varices, duodenal varices, colic varices, and abdominal wall varices. As reported in humans and in experimental dog models, esophageal and paraesophageal varices may result from portal hypertension that generates reversal of flow, which diverts venous blood in a cranial direction through the left gastric vein to the venous plexus of the esophagus. Blood enters the central venous system through the cranial vena cava. Obstructions of the cranial vena cava can lead to esophageal and paraesophageal varices formation as well. In this instance, they drain into the azygos vein, the caudal vena cava, or into the portal system, depending on the site of the obstruction. Gallbladder and choledocal varices, omental varices, duodenal varices, phrenico-abdominal varices, colic varices, abdominal wall varices drain into the caudal vena cava and result from portal hypertension. Imaging plays a pivotal role in determining the origin, course, and termination of these vessels, and the underlying causes of these collaterals as well. Knowledge about these collateral vessels is important before interventional procedures, endosurgery or conventional surgery are performed, so as to avoid uncontrollable bleeding if they are inadvertently disrupted.