咪鲜胺对柑橘不同品种的保鲜效果评价

柑橘果实在贮藏期间极易发生青霉病、绿霉病、炭疽病等多种病害。为了减轻病害造成的损失,笔者在自然通风贮藏库内用咪鲜胺分别对锦橙、血橙、温州蜜柑和夏橙等4个柑橘品种进行了防腐保鲜效果研究。结果表明咪鲜胺333.33mg/㎏对青霉病、绿霉病、炭疽病和总病害均有较好的保鲜效果,只不同品种保鲜时间各异。以对锦橙和血橙的保鲜时间最长,贮藏期可达120天;其次是温州蜜柑,贮藏期可达60天;对夏橙的保鲜时间最短,只30天。对青霉病、绿霉病的效果,锦橙和血橙达120天,温州蜜柑达90天,夏橙达60天;对炭疽病的效果,锦橙可达120天,血橙达90天,温州蜜柑可达60天,夏橙只30天。咪鲜胺浸药处理对4个品种柑橘的失重率没有影响,只随着贮藏时间的延长,失重率均逐渐增加。咪鲜胺处理对果蒂保持绿色有一定效果,对不同品种柑橘果实内在品质、外观色泽和口感没有负面影响。     

咪鲜胺原药中微量2,4,6-三氯苯酚测定方法的研究

建立了高效液相色谱法测定咪鲜胺原药中微量2,4,6-三氯苯酚含量的方法。采用Hypersil BDS C18色谱柱,以甲醇/水(72/28 V/V)为流动相(每500mL流动相中含0.5g四丁基溴化铵),检测波长为296nm,2,4,6-三氯苯酚的质量浓度在0～871.2μg/L范围内线性关系良好,其线性相关系数为0.999 8;加标回收率为99.71%～102.02%,变异系数为1.14%,检出限为0.88μg/L。     

Efficacy and effects on yield of different fungicides for control of wet bubble disease of mushroom caused by the mycoparasite Mycogone perniciosa

Carbendazim, iprodione, prochloraz-Mn, thiabendazole and thiophanate-methyl were tested in vitro and in vivo for their effect on Mycogone perniciosa, the mycoparasite that causes wet bubble disease of white button mushroom. In vitro experiments showed that prochloraz-Mn (ED₅₀ = 0.006–0.064 μg ml⁻¹) and carbendazim (ED₅₀ = 0.031–0.097 μg ml⁻¹) were the most effective fungicides for inhibiting the mycelial growth of M. perniciosa, while iprodione (ED₅₀ = 1.90–3.80 μg ml⁻¹) was the least effective. The resistance factors calculated for the five fungicides were between 1.4 and 2. The results obtained suggest that there is very little risk that M. perniciosa will develop resistance to the fungicides assayed. The in vivo efficacy of fungicides for control of wet bubble was studied in two mushroom cropping experiments, which were artificially infected with two doses of M. perniciosa, 10⁶ and 10⁷ spores m⁻², respectively. There was, in the low dose inoculum experiment, a very high degree of effectiveness (96.5–100.0%) with all the fungicides assayed. However, iprodione performed poorly (20.5–24.4%) compared with the other fungicides (88.7–100.0%) in the high concentration inoculum experiment. The most effective treatments for controlling wet bubble did not improve the biological efficiency of Agaricus bisporus.     

42%咪鲜·甲硫灵WP防治小麦赤霉病试验示范初报

2009年田间小区试验结果表明:在小麦扬花初期施用42%咪鲜·甲硫灵WP 60~80 g/667m2一次,对小麦赤霉病的病穗率防效达87.12%~91.13%,病指防效达90.18%~95.46%,均显著高于50%多菌灵WP的防效。2010年大田示范结果显示:于抽穗扬花盛期施用42%咪鲜.甲硫灵WP 60 g/667m2一次,对小麦赤霉病的病穗防效和病指防效分别为71.69%和78.45%,显著优于常规药剂40%多·酮·福美双WP的防效,也高于50%多菌灵WP的防效,且对小麦生长发育安全。     

水稻恶苗病菌对咪鲜胺的抗性研究及治理

江苏省水稻恶苗病菌对咪鲜胺已产生较严重的抗性,其抗性频率已达82.14%,大部分菌株抗性水平为中抗。在育苗移栽条件下,咪鲜胺常规浓度浸种已不能有效控制水稻恶苗病的发生。田间小区试验证明,氰烯菌酯等可作为治理恶苗病菌对咪鲜胺抗性的有效药剂。     

常规优质稻品种比较试验

为筛选适宜宁化县种植的高产、优质、高效的常规稻优良品种,引进5个常规优质稻品种与当地种植面积较大的5个杂优品种进行品比试验,以谷优929作对照品种,结果表明：金农丝苗、合美占、合丰占3个品种的产量与对照品种差异不显著,综合表现较好,可进一步试种.     

Methods for the investigation of metabolic activities and shifts in the microbial community in a soil treated with a fungicide

Samples from a sandy agricultural soil were treated with increasing amounts of a fungicide (Sportak). The effects on the soil microflora were investigated over several weeks by monitoring basal and substrate-induced respiration and basal and substrate-induced heat output. The microbial biomass, metabolic quotient (qCO₂), relative heat output (rqheat), lag phase of substrate use, and calorimetric: respirometric ratio were used as ecophysiological parametèrs. As structural and community-specific parameters, we recorded tryptophan contents and auxin metabolism, and calculated the ratios of fungal to bacterial respiration by antibiotic inhibition of substrate-induced respiration. Sportak either inhibited or stimulated the microbiota, depending on the length of exposure to the fungicide and the amount applied. Mineralization of dead biomass was reflected in increased soil tryptophan contents after the Sportak application. A shortened lag phase demonstrated inhibition and a prolonged lag phase stimulation of substrate use. This changed with the experimental phase. The rqheat and the calorimetric: respirometric ratio proved to be suitable parameters for the detection of stress metabolism (repair processes) in soil microbiota, because thermodynamic processes and catabolic and anabolic metabolism are taken into account at the same time. Following the application of Sportak, indole 3-acetic acid biosynthesis decreased while indole-3-ethanol biosynthesis increased, probably as a result of a transitional community shift from K-strategists towards r-strategists. It was not the fungicide but the formulation (mainly xylol) that damaged the organisms. A shift in the ratio of fungi to bacteria was also observed, suggesting that the bacteria were probably more sensitive to xylol than the fungi.     

水稻恶苗病菌对使百克、多菌灵的抗性遗传研究

采用使百克、多菌灵对病原菌直接进行诱变,获得相应的抗性菌株,对其抗性遗传规律进行研究.结果表明,安徽省水稻恶苗病菌对多菌灵已产生了中等程度的抗药性,对使百克的抗性较低.通过多菌灵、使百克诱变均都能产生抗性菌株,但就抗性增长速度而言,多菌灵远高于使百克.产生抗性的突变菌株后代表现说明,多菌灵的抗性突变菌株遗传较稳定.单剂诱变的抗性菌株致病性高于复配剂诱变菌株和敏感菌株.     

咪鲜胺与三氯异氰尿酸对水稻恶苗病防治效果比较试验

以中优936为供试水稻品种,分别采用25%咪鲜胺乳油3000倍液和87%三氯异氰尿酸粉剂500倍液浸种12h,催芽后进行水秧、旱秧两种方式育苗,调查成秧率和对恶苗病的防治效果。结果表明,两种药剂处理对水稻种子成秧率均有提高作用,对恶苗病均有良好防效。水培秧苗情况下,咪鲜胺和三氯异氰尿酸两种处理对水稻恶苗病的防治效果差异不大;旱育水稻秧苗时,咪鲜胺处理对水稻秧苗恶苗病的防治效果明显高于三氯异氰尿酸。生产上实行水育秧苗时建议使用三氯异氰尿酸消毒种子,旱育秧苗时推荐使用咪鲜胺浸种。     

50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿粉对芒果炭疽病的防治效果

在芒果花芽期后喷施4次,第3次喷药后15 d,50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿粉1000倍、1500倍的效果较好,防治效果分别为71.9%、59.0%,显著优于50%咪鲜胺可湿粉1000倍(46.4%);第4次喷药后15 d,50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿粉1000倍的防治效果为64.2%,显著优于50%咪鲜胺可湿粉1000倍(52.9%)。表明50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿粉是一种可防治芒果炭疽病的安全而有效的药剂。