有摩擦的高速气体管流

本文以多变热力过程为基础建立了有摩擦管路的计算公式,并对计算方法和有关问题作了分析说明.     

Reproduction in three species of rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae) from rainforest streams in northern Queensland, Australia

Abstract – The reproductive biology of three species of rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae) in northeastern Australian rainforest streams was investigated. Two species, Melanotaenia eachamensis and Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides are endemic to the area, whereas the third, M. splendida splendida, is more widespread. The species were all highly fecund, producing many hundreds of eggs between 1.10 and 1.24 mm in diameter. Melanotaenia eachamensis was the most fecund, produced the largest eggs of the three species, and consequently exhibited the greatest maternal investment (as measured by gonadosomatic index). The majority of reproductive effort occurred during the dry season, although reproductively active fish were present year-round for each of the species, but particularly so for M. s. splendida and C. rhombosomoides. No evidence for a role by temperature or photoperiod as environmental cues for reproduction was found, and it was suggested that gonad development was strongly tied to somatic growth. The concentration of reproduction to the dry season ensures that larvae are produced during a period of relatively stable and benign physical conditions. Comparison of temporal changes in gonadosomatic index values suggest that the spawning season of M. eachamensis , which occurs in high-elevation streams, is more restricted and commences about 1 month earlier than either other species. A similar phenology was observed for the M. s. splendida population found at high elevation and highlights the potential for spatial differences in stream productivity to influence life history. ^Note     

果树自交不亲和性的遗传与生理机制及其研究

在简要介绍植物（包括果树）自交不亲和性与生理控制机制的基础上，着重对梨、苹果、杏等果树自交不亲和性的研究进行了综述，内容包括花柱内花粉管生长特点、花柱S糖蛋白的特性与作用机理以及果树自交不亲和的分子生物学研究，并提出了该领域有待研究的问题。     

狗舌草提取物诱导淋巴细胞性白血病L1210细胞分化的研究

以单猪屎豆碱（MO）、槲皮素（QU）和环磷酰胺（CY）为参照，观察了狗舌草600mL／L乙醇提取物（EX）对淋巴细胞性白血病L1210细胞体外试验的形态变化；利用流式细胞术，从DNA分子水平上检查了EX对L1210细胞各周期相的影响，探讨EX对L1210细胞的分化机理。结果发现，EX能够使L1210细胞向淋巴细胞方向发展；经EX作用24h后，L1210细胞G0＋G1期的百分比较对照组明显升高。提示EX对L1210细胞增殖的抑制作用可能是由于G1期的阻滞所致。     

影响烟草花粉胚胎发生的某些因子——铁盐、蔗糖和腺素

本文研究了铁盐、蔗糖等培养基成份对烟草花粉胚胎形成的影响。结果表明,铁盐和蔗糖与烟草花粉胚形成有密切关系。培养基中没有铁盐,胚发育停止球形期;没有蔗糖、胚发育受阻在多细胞原胚期,不能进一步发育。培养基中仅有蔗糖,胚发育停止在鱼雷胚早期,将其转到只含铁盐的培养基中,鱼雷胚可继续发育直至成株。培养基中不附加铁盐或蔗糖,胚的发育均受阻。只有铁盐和蔗糖而无大量元素、微量元素及有机成份,即能形成胚状体并再生植株,但胚胎发生频率低,表明其它附加成份并不是没有意义的。另外,培养基中附加一定浓度的腺素对花粉胚形成是有利的,但高浓度是有害的。     

研究森林变化对河川水沙影响的一种便捷方法──以四川省都江堰市白沙河为例

依据航片判读、森林资源调查资料和水文数据，利用流域自身对比法，得出森林变化对河川径流泥沙的定量关系。文中还阐明本方法的技术关键——消除降雨量不同对水沙的影响．该方法具有适合我国国情、费小效宏、精度较高、简捷易行等优点，值得推广提倡。     

基于工作流的ERP系统重构的研究

分析了企业现有ERP系统运营存在的缺陷，提出了适合本企业的基于工作流的ERP系统重构的开发方案。     

Using traffic flow theory to model traffic mortality in mammals

Traffic has a considerable effect on population and community dynamics through the disruption and fragmentation of habitat and traffic mortality. This paper deals with a systematic way to acquire knowledge about the probabilities of successful road crossing by mammals and what characteristics affect this traversability. We derive a model from traffic flow theory to estimate traffic mortality in mammals related to relevant road, traffic and species characteristics. The probability of successful road crossing is determined by the pavement width of the road, traffic volume, traversing speed of the mammals and their body length. We include the traversability model in a simple two-patch population model to explore the effects of these road, traffic and species characteristics on population dynamics. Analysis of the models show that, for our parameter ranges, traffic volume and traversing speed have the largest effect on traffic mortality. The population size is especially negatively affected when roads have to be crossed during the daily movements. These predictions could be useful to determine the expected effectiveness of mitigating measures relative to the current situation. Mitigating measures might alter the road and traffic characteristics. The effects of these changes on traffic mortality and population dynamics could be analysed by calculating the number of traffic victims before and after the mitigating measures. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于强化推流工艺(PFR)的餐厨垃圾堆肥微生物群落结构解析

传统餐厨垃圾好氧堆肥周期长,系统难以稳定连续运行,其中反应器构型和微生物在其处理过程中起到关键作用,但是目前对实际运行条件下的反应器内微生物群落结构的研究较少。通过分析实际运行项目中微生物的多样性与群落结构,为进一步优化餐厨垃圾处理工艺,促进PFR反应器系统的稳定和高效运行,挖掘特定功能微生物,提高资源利用效率提供科学依据。该研究采集德清县11个项目的出料样品,采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术,研究其菌群组成、丰度、优势菌群及其相关性。结果表明:1)11个项目的微生物群落组成相似,其中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是相对丰度最高的2个菌门,优势菌属为微小杆菌(Exiguobacterium)乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus),柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter),不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)和假单胞菌(Pseudomonas); 2)底物越丰富,进料量越小,越有利于出料的品质; 3)出料感官品质高,微生物多样性也较高; 4)在OTU水平上,葡萄球菌属与芽孢杆菌属、根瘤菌属均呈负相关,葡萄球菌的迅速增殖抑制了对发酵...     

掩埋多孔毛管水流特性的试验研究

以渗灌毛管的灌水试验为研究对象,通过试验分析得到了掩埋毛管流量和压力的变化特性。对于任一出水孔,随着供水时间的延长,压力水头和总水头都在不断增大。但是,这个增加值并不大,仅仅只有最大压力值的10%。随着四周土壤含水量的增加,孔口内外水势梯度不断减小,出水速率也逐渐减小,流量和压力随管长方向不断减小。由于流量随时间不断减小,使得水头损失也不断减小,压力随时间增大。同时在试验中还发现,水流运动的界面并不是管道的出水孔界面,而是在出水孔四周形成的不规则多边形界面。