高尔夫球手地方依恋符号性元素的识别与运用

运用隐喻抽取技术对高尔夫球手地方依恋的符号性元素进行了识别与定量研究。结果表明,高尔夫球手地方依恋有22个符号性元素,这些元素可分为风格、地理、参与、接待和文化五类,它们给球手带来"友谊"、"健康"、"愉悦"、"品质高"、"风景美"的终极体验。经营者要充分利用符号性元素的意义,着重打造球场基础设施、园林景观、服务接待和球会文化;积极挖掘联结构念的耦合价值,实现球手与球场的符号互动;主动创设高尔夫球手游憩氛围情境,避免球手地方依恋的中断或转移;结合球会自身特点,适时进行符号化运作。     

地方依恋中植物景观因素对人类情感的作用

指出了地方依恋是描述人与地方之间的积极情感,它包括地方依赖和地方认同.回顾国内外的地方依恋的研究,人们在与某个地方的长期互动过程中,发展出对该地的依恋.由于目前地方依恋影响因素中的植物景观因素研究较少,因而提出了可通过对植物景观色彩、气味、植物形态、季相变化以及植物不同的观赏部位等的讨论来阐述植物景观与地方依恋关系;在...     

Comparison of three types of adhesives in attaching coral transplants to clam shell substrates

• 1. Nubbins from 12 coral species were transplanted onto dead giant clam shells at three sites in a lagoon near Bolinao, north‐western Philippines. Transplants were attached using three types of adhesives: cyanoacrylate glue (SG), epoxy putty (EP) and marine epoxy (ME) and were monitored over five months for detachment, in situ mortality and natural self‐attachment by tissue growth.
• 2. Corals attached with SG showed a significantly higher rate of detachment (logrank test) than those attached with either EP or ME (P<0.001 in each case). Also, those attached with EP showed a higher rate of detachment than corals attached with ME (logrank=6.46, P<0.05).
• 3. ANOVA (P>0.05) and survival analysis (logrank=2.85, P>0.05) showed no among‐adhesives differences in in situ mortality. Among the species used, Porites cylindrica, Pavona frondifera, Heliopora coerulea and Porites rus had the highest survivorship with 82%, 80%, 76% and 73%, respectively, of nubbins alive at the end of the experiment and also displayed the highest cumulative rates of self‐attachment. Species with the lowest survival rates included Acropora muricata and four pocilloporids.
• 4. Although there was no significant difference in the number of self‐attaching transplants among the adhesives, corals transplanted using ME and EP self‐attached earlier than those transplanted using SG (logrank=11.19, P<0.01).
• 5. Results from this study highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate means of attaching corals to substrates and carefully considering species‐specific traits of candidate corals for transplantation.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同底物下瘤胃真菌发酵特性及对粗料的附着

采用体外法研究了不同精粗比底物下(A组为全粗料,B组3∶7,C组5∶5,D组7∶3,E组为全精料)瘤胃真菌发酵特性及其对粗饲料(稻草秸)的附着情况。发酵试验结果表明:随底物精料比例的增加,同一时间点真菌数量呈上升趋势,A组到E组发酵96 h的累计产气量显著上升,分别为177.2 mL、198.2 mL、217.4 mL2、33.4 mL和251.5 mL,提示底物中精料比例的增加能促进瘤胃真菌的生长和发酵。此外,随底物精料比例的增加,羧甲基纤维素酶和α-淀粉酶酶活呈上升趋势,木聚糖酶酶活则呈下降趋势。稻草秸附着结果表明:不同发酵时期底物精粗比对附着于稻草秸的瘤胃真菌数量有很大影响。发酵前期(24 h),精料组(B组、C组和D组)附着于稻草秸表面的真菌孢子囊数显著高于粗料组(A组)。发酵后期(72 h),A组和B组附着于稻草秸表面和切缘的孢子囊数高于C组和D组,A组和B组附着于稻草秸表面和切缘的孢子囊数与48 h相比无显著变化,而C组和D组附着于稻草秸表面和切缘的孢子囊数显著下降。这种附着差异可能与不同精粗比底物提供的能量和附着位点不同有关。     

瘤背石磺人工繁育关键技术的研究

研究了瘤背石磺亲体在不同温度、盐度下受精卵的孵化及不同开口饵料、不同附着基对浮游幼虫的培育和附着效果。结果表明,不同饵料对亲体的成活率无显著影响,各组成活率均超过95%;在(27±1)℃、不换水条件下,5、10、15、20、25、30的各盐度组中,以15、20盐度组的孵化率最高,分别为96.4%、95.8%;在盐度15、不换水条件下,(24±1)(、27±1)、(30±1)、(33±1)℃温度组,受精卵产出后至孵化出膜的时间分别需319、297、2862、78 h;采用自制孵化框漂浮式孵化,孵化率高达98%;不同开口饵料试验结果表明,金藻投喂组幼体成活率最高,为87.5%;不同附着基附着培养试验10 d后,悬浮球填料组的成活率最高,达90%,且个体整齐、生长速度快,而铺泥组为43%,不加附着基组仅38%。     

基于太阳能驱动的遥控移动草坪割草装置的设计

为了解决传统割草机污染严重、噪音大、劳动强度大等问题,设计了一套太阳能驱动遥控移动草坪割草装置.该装置主要由太阳能能源动力系统、控制系统、四轮驱动部分和切割收集部分组成.其主要特征是利用太阳能作为动力源,实现割草装置的正常运行;通过采用无线遥控代替传统的手推式操作方式,并以STC89C52单片机为控制核心部件,利用C语言编制控制程序,实现对草坪修整的远距离运动控制;通过改进传统割草机的切割收集方式,设计切割—收集—体化装置,利用刀片旋转的离心力作用,将割下的草甩到收集箱,提高了工作效率,减轻了劳动强度.     

青岛老城区里院街区空间解析——基于城市设计基础理论的分析

“里院”是青岛老城一种特有的居住形式,文章运用图底理论,行为场所理论这些当代城市设计的基础理论,对里院街区空间和里院街区开敞空间进行了分析。保护里院街区空间也不应仅仅停留在物质形态,重点也是要考虑居民的需求,以尊重他们的行为方式作为前提,在此基础上提高他们的生活品质。     

Screening for periodontal disease in research dogs - a methodology study

Background

It has been shown that the prevalence of both clinical attachment loss (CAL) ≥1 mm and pocket probing depth (PPD) ≥4 mm is relatively high even in younger dogs, but also that only a minority of the dogs have such clinical signs of periodontal disease (PD) in more than a few teeth. Hence, a minority of dogs carry the major PD burden. These epidemiological features suggest that screening for PD in larger groups of dogs, allowing for rapid assessment of treatment planning, or for the selection of dogs with or without PD prior to be included in experimental trials, should be possible. CAL is the central variable in assessing PD extent and severity while PPD is the central variable used in treatment planning which make these two variables obvious in a screening protocol with the dual aim of disease identification and treatment planning. The main purpose of the present study in 98 laboratory Beagle dogs was to construct a fast, simple and accurate screening tool, which is highly sensitive for the identification of dogs with PD.

Results

Examination of the maxillary P4, P3, P2, I1 and C would, in this population, result in the identification of 85.5% of all dogs and 96% of all teeth positive for CAL ≥1 mm, and 58.9% of all dogs and 82.1% of all teeth positive for PD ≥4 mm.Examination of tooth pairs, all C’s, maxillary I2, M2 and the mandibular P4 would, in this population result in identification of 92.9% of all dogs and 97.3% of all teeth positive for PD ≥4 mm, and 65.5% of all dogs and 83.2% of all teeth positive for CAL ≥1 mm. The results presented here only pertain to the present study population.

Conclusions

This screening protocol is suitable for examination of larger groups of laboratory Beagle dogs for PD and our findings indicate that diseased dogs are identified with a high degree of sensitivity. Before this screening can be used in clinical practice, it has to be validated in breeds other than Beagle dogs and in populations with larger age variation.     

A method for the attachment of miniature radio tags to small fish

Abstract An attachment technique which gives good tag retention, minimal damage to fish and prevents entanglement with weed is described. Fish carrying transmitters were monitored in semi-natural conditions and appeared to exhibit the same behaviour as untagged fish. Median condition factors of dummy-tagged fish did not differ from those of untagged fish over a 10-week period. Examples of movement patterns obtained using radio tags attached to dace, Leuciscus leuciscus (L.) are given.