论帽儿山地区物侯季节的划分和农(林)时预测

本文分析了各种划分季节方法的利弊。肯定了以物候资料划分季节的优点;并以帽儿山地区多年的物候资料划分了季节。并编制了帽儿山地区的物候历。总结出了利用物候历预测农(林)时的经验公式 X=A_t+(B-C) X——某种农(林)时的预测日期 A_t——早于指示植物先开花的植物当年的开花始期 B——物候指示植物开花始期的多年平均日期 C——早于指示植物先开花的植物开花始期的多年平均日期。     

河北省木本植物物候变化特征及其对气候变暖的响应

以1981-2006年河北省10个国家农业气象观测站的木本植物物候观测资料和47个气象站的地面观测资料为基础,运用线性倾向估计、Pearson相关系数、EOF和REOF等统计学方法,研究了河北省木本植物物候期的变化特征及其对气候变暖的响应。结果表明：河北省木本植物展叶始期总体呈提前趋势,其中东部沿海平原提前趋势最大,中南部平原次之,西北部山区最小;叶初变色期主要表现出推迟趋势,生长季长度以延长趋势为主;春季气温对展叶始期的影响最显著,河北省春季气温每上升1℃,木本植物展叶始期提前4.6d;各站点生长季倾向率与年均温倾向率呈显著正相关,即年均温升幅大的站点,生长季延长的幅度也较大。研究结果对丰富河北省物候与气候变化关系研究具有一定意义。     

Leafing, flowering and fruiting of Vitellaria paradoxa subsp. nilotica in savanna parklands in Uganda

Vitellaria paradoxa leafing, flowering and fruiting patterns were monitored in Otuke county (Lira district), northern Uganda, over a period of 25 months. The monitoring revealed that leaf shedding takes place in the middle of the dry season and the trees are in full leaf by the onset of the wet season. New leaves continue to appear on the new shoots while old leaves persist during the leaf-fall period. The pattern of leafing and leaf loss, flowering and fruiting are unimodal with major peaks in flowering and fruiting, although in the study area rainfall is bimodal. Flowering was concentrated in months when the atmospheric relative humidity begins to rise from an initially low value (around November), peaks three months later and usually ends when rainy conditions persist. Flowers produced during the rainy season usually abort. Fruiting starts at the end of the dry season (December/January) and peaks from February to April. Seed matures during the rainy season (March to May) and fruit harvesting occurs mainly from May to August, when the soil is well supplied with plant available water but coinciding with high pre-growing season famine risk in the community.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于物候期的核桃树干液流特征

运用SF100热脉冲茎流仪对核桃树干液流按物候期进行了观测,并对其周围环境因子如辐射强度、空气温度和空气相对湿度进行了同步监测。结果表明,核桃花期和果实成熟期,水分条件较好,液流量较大,液流速率与辐射强度和空气温度的相关性较好;果实生长期由于受到土壤水分的强烈胁迫,液流量较小,液流速率与相对湿度的偏相关系数最高,其次是太阳辐射,而与空气温度的相关性则较差。     

Bayesian analysis of temperature sensitivity of plant phenology in Germany

The temperature sensitivity of 43 phenological phases was analysed in Germany within the period 1951–2006 with the help of a Bayesian approach. First a Bayesian model comparison of monthly temperatures and phenological phases throughout the year was conducted. We analysed the data as constant (mean onset date), as linear (constant trend over time) and as change point model (time varying change). The change point model involves the selection of two linear segments which match at a particular time. The matching point is estimated by an examination of all possible breaks weighted by their respective change point probability. Secondly a Bayesian coherence analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between phenological onset dates and an effective temperature generated as a weighted average of monthly means. Temperature weight coefficients were obtained from an optimization of a coherence factor by simulated annealing.Results reveal that late spring, summer and early autumn temperature months exhibit a clear preference for the change point model (>50%) indicating nonlinear change. The temperature development of April and August shows exceptionally high nonlinearities compared to the other months with change point model probabilities of 78% and 81% over the last five decades.For all phenophases a strong dependence of phenology on temperature is determined. We can classify two main temperature response patterns of the studied phenological phases: on the one hand spring phenophases are particularly sensitive to temperatures in April, exhibiting a prompt response. On the other hand summer phenophases are less influenced by temperature during or right before the month of the onset. They reveal a delayed response to nonlinear temperature changes mainly of April. Especially abrupt changes during the temperature sensitive stage of species cause a pronounced change in plant phenology regardless of the time of onset.     

温度对设施栽培甜樱桃花芽物候期的影响

利用3种温度模式管理温室栽培甜樱桃.结果表明:模式3与模式1相差较显著,模式3可以使甜樱桃花芽物候期提前,初花期早11 d,盛花期提前13 d.模式3与模式2相差不明显,初花期及盛花期分别比模式2提前3 d、4 d.揭帘时间和放帘时间对控制花芽物候期起决定作用.     

黄土高原半干旱区物候变化特征及其对气候变暖的响应

利用黄土高原半干旱区1994-2014年典型植物物候和气温资料,通过相关分析等方法分析典型植物展叶始期、展叶盛期、开花始期、开花盛期等春季物候期和叶初变期、叶全变期、落叶始期、落叶末期等秋季物候期的变化特征,以揭示黄土高原典型植物物候期对气候变暖的响应规律。结果表明:(1)在展叶期,草本植物历史最早和最晚出现日期相差20~36d,木本植物为20~38d;(2)草本植物春季物候期表现为明显的提前趋势,木本植物物候期的变化趋势差异较大,牡丹、旱柳展叶始期提前趋势明显;草本植物叶变色始期、黄枯始期以及木本植物落叶始期等秋季物候期的推迟趋势明显;(3)研究期内牡丹生长季的变化趋势不明显,其余典型植物生长季均一致表现为显著延长趋势(P0.05);(4)典型植物开花始期对前1月、前第3月(车前草为当月)以及春季(3-5月)气温的响应明显,春季气温每升高1℃,植物开花始期提前5~8d。研究结果表明黄土高原草本植物对气候变暖的响应比木本植物更明显,因此,在黄土高原生态脆弱区,选用对气候变化反应较为迟钝的杏树、榆树等乔木进行地区生态恢复重建较适宜。     

梨杂种后代与亲本物候期间相关遗传的研究

对梨的9个品种及8个杂交组合491株杂种树物候期间相关性和相关遗传的分析研究结果表明,不论是亲本还是杂种,萌芽期与开花期之间均呈显著的正相关;萌芽期与成熟期、开花期与成熟期之间均呈显著的负相关;落叶期与其它各物候期之间则不存在相关性.亲本与杂种在萌芽期与开花期、萌芽期与成熟期、开花期与成熟期之间均表现有相关遗传现象,因此,可根据亲本某一物候期预测杂种实生苗的另一相关物候期.     

猕猴桃良种选育及栽培技术的研究——Ⅳ. “东山峰78-16”雌性品系选育及生物学特性的初步研究

“东山峰78-16”属美味猕猴桃〔Actimdia deliciosa (A.chev. )G. F. Liang et A. RFerguson var. dcliciosa〕,1978年9月在湖南省国营东山峰农场海拔650m处陡坡地发现并选出。研究结果表明:该品系生长旺盛,结果期早,萌芽率较低、花枝率高,丰产性强,果实品质良好,较耐贮藏,遗传性基本稳定;特别是树势强健、适应性广、耐旱性较强、较耐粗放栽培,因而是良好的大果鲜食和加工类型。