武汉市桔梗科一物种新记录——卵叶异檐花

报道了武汉市外来入侵植物新记录一种,为桔梗科Campanulaceae异檐花属Triodanis卵叶异檐花Triodanis perfoliata subsp.biflora(Ruiz et Pavon)Lammers。卵叶异檐花原产于美洲,在武汉地区是首次发现,凭证标本保存于长江文明馆(武汉自然博物馆)。     

Replacement of fish oil in plant‐based diets for Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,by stearine fish oil and palm oil

Stearine fish oil (SFO) and palm oil (PO) have emerged as promising alternatives for the replacement of fish oil (FO) in aquafeeds. This study evaluated the replacement of FO with alternative oils in practical diets for Litopenaeus vannamei. In a clear brackish water study (14.1 g/L) utilizing shrimp (0.29 ± 0.02 g, initial weight), FO was replaced by SFO at inclusion ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 (FO:SFO) and PO as 90% of FO. After 55 days, no significant differences (p < 0.05) in final weight, growth, or survival of shrimp were observed. A second trial (8 weeks) in low‐salinity water (2.1 g/L) with shrimp (0.92 ± 0.02 g, initial weight) evaluated diets with 100% FO, 100% SFO, 90% PO, 90% soybean oil (SO), or 90% flaxseed oil (FXO) as a replacement for FO and four commercially produced diets with 2% of FO, SO, PO, or FXO. One treatment received half rations of the commercial FO diet, and one treatment was based entirely on natural productivity. Results show that the fatty acid profiles of the tail muscle conformed to the lipids of the feed, and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) were preserved. Following 8 weeks of culture, there were no significant differences in production performance.     

大别山-桐柏山地区杀虫性植物资源调查初报

大别山、桐柏山属于亚热带向暖温带过渡地气候 ,是植物区系的交接过渡地带 ,既有亚热带典型的代表型 ,又体现着过渡性的特征。能产生具有杀虫活性的次生代谢产物的植物即杀虫性植物。通过广泛调查、采集与鉴定 ,大别山—桐柏山地区分布有杀虫性植物 72科 138种     

多效唑调控观赏竹生长的初步研究

竹笋施用多效唑后,对其新梢日平均生长量及成竹后全竹高,枝下高、节间长、叶面积均有显著的抑制作用,注射处理在浓度300～800 mg·kg-1,喷施处理在浓度300～1000 mg·kg-1范围内,随处理浓度递增,抑制作用更为显著.应用多效唑能提高观赏竹的观赏价值,解决盆景制作的矮化及枝叶美化问题.     

《蒙古秘史》中的野生食用植物研究

经考证,在《蒙古秘史》中的植物古蒙古名称中,有山荆子、稠李、地榆、鹅绒委陵菜、葱、山韭、山丹和野韭等８种野生食用植物。植物区系及地理分布的研究表明,这些植物在十二世纪蒙古人所采集的地点,即现在的蒙古国肯特山脉地区仍有广泛分布。从民族植物学的研究看,它们在蒙古族民间被用于代粮、野菜、茶用、药用和调味品,比过去的利用有了很大的发展,已成为独特的植物利用文化。本文不仅对蒙古学研究能够提供可靠的依据,而且对寻找新的食用植物种类及其开发利用研究也提供了一些基本资料。     

Periodicity and gradients in dispersal ofAlternaria linicola in linseed crops

Conidia ofAlternaria linicola produced on infected linseed crops were mainly dispersed by wind. The numbers of conidia in the air above linseed crops collected by a Burkard spore sampler were greatest between 1200 h and 1300 h, when the relative humidity was lowest. Although numbers of conidia collected decreased with increasing height within and above the crop canopy, air-borneA. linicola conidia were present up to 80 cm above the crop canopy. Conidia ofA. linicola were transported by wind up to at least 40 m downwind from an artificial line inoculum source, but their numbers decreased with increasing distance from the source. In 1991, 1992, and 1993, the dispersal ofA. linicola conidia above linseed crops followed a seasonal periodicity which was influenced by weather conditions and cultural practices. The greatest numbers of conidia were collected during July, August and early September and coincided with periods favourable for sporulation and with an increase in the incidence of the disease in the senescent crop. Air-borneA. linicola conidia produced on point or line inoculum sources (naturally infected linseed stem debris) were responsible for the spread of the disease in linseed crops. In 1992 and 1993, the disease was first detected downwind from the sources, but by the end of the growing seasons, it had spread in all directions and up to 20 m and 60 m from the sources, respectively. Disease gradients were initially steep near the inoculum sources but they became flatter with time due to the secondary spread of the disease.     

The fate of fluroxypyr in the soil in an oil palm agroecosystem

A study on the fate of fluroxypyr in Malaysian agricultural soils was carried out under natural conditions in an oil palm plantation. Three experimental plots in the oil palm estate were selected and three types of treatments were administered, namely fluroxypyr at the recommended dosage, double the recommended rate, and the untreated control. Residues of fluroxypyr in the soil, water, and oil palm leaf were monitored at regular intervals up to 90 days after treatment (DAT). The recovery of fluroxypyr in the water and soil samples ranged from 91–102% when fortified at 1–25 p.p.b. and 91–98% when fortified at 4–50 p.p.b. The recovery from the oil palm leaf ranged from 76–114% when the oil palm leaf sample was fortified at 0.05–1.0 p.p.m. The results showed that fluroxypyr leached down to 50 cm depth at 1 DAT when the plots were treated with either dosage. However, fluroxypyr was not detected in the soil residue at 14 and 21 DAT. Fluroxypyr was not detected in the oil palm leaf samples irrespective of the rates of herbicide application or sampling intervals. The residue of fluroxypyr was detected in water from a nearby stream up to 5 DAT at levels ranging from 0.06–0.21 µg L⁻¹. This result suggests that fluroxypyr persists for a short period in the soil and water ecosystems, but not in the oil palm leaf.     

甘肃荚蒾属(Viburnum L. )观赏植物资源的调查研究

 在对甘肃荚蒾属植物资源调查的基础上, 整理并描述了27个分类群的生境、分布以及观赏性状, 包括叶、花、果实等, 并结合该属植物的资源现状, 提出了可持续开发利用的建议。     

重庆地区色叶植物资源及其在园林中的应用

色叶植物是未来园林应用的主要造景植物之一，本文就重庆地区色叶植物资源作了详细调查．按植物色彩分成常色叶类、春色叶类、秋色叶类和两季色类，并对其在园林中的应用途径和前景作了详尽介绍．     

2004年冬成都市外来园林植物冻害调查及建议

作者2005年春调查了成都市外来园林植物冻害情况,发现：（1）外来园林植物受冻害影响较为普遍,41种植物在不同程度上受害;（2）冻害影响存在区域差异,郊区冻害比城区严重.分析了冻害原因,并对园林植物引种提出建议.