圆果大赤螨对茶红蜘蛛的捕食作用

圆果大赤螨对茶红蜘蛛捕食作用的拟合方程符合Holling圆盘方程Ⅱ型,功能反应受到猎物虫态、温度和捕食者密度的影响.圆果大赤螨成螨显著地趋向于取食茶红蜘蛛的幼螨和若螨,日均最高捕食量分别达49.31和38.65头,对卵和成螨的选择性较差.在相同猎物密度条件下,温度为15-30℃时,捕食数量随着温度的升高而增加;温度为(35±1)℃时捕食数量随着温度的升高而减少.温度为(30±1)℃时,捕食数量最大,这一温度与茶红蜘蛛秋季高峰期的温度相吻合.圆果大赤螨在捕食时存在种内干扰反应,随着捕食者密度的增大,日均捕食量逐渐减少,捕食作用也相应减弱,干扰系数m为0.7589,搜索常数Q为0.9983,E=0.9983P-0.7589.     

比哈小爪螨在3种南方果树上的发育与繁殖

为了探明比哈小爪螨在龙眼、荔枝、杧果上的种群增长情况,采用以上3种果树叶片为寄主材料进行饲养,以观察其发育、存活及繁殖。结果表明,比哈小爪螨取食龙眼世代发育历期最短为14.57d,取食杧果最长为20.71d;世代存活率龙眼最高为93.8%,荔枝最低为83.8%;产卵量以龙眼最高为46.63粒,杧果最低7.32粒;内禀增长率以龙眼最大为0.1328,杧果最小为0.0467;种群趋势指数的顺序为:龙眼>荔枝>果。     

针叶小爪螨对樟子松的危害及防治试验

首次在陕西榆林发现针叶小爪螨危害樟子松。经用７种化学药剂野外防治试验，其中三氯杀螨醇，克螨特，双甲脒施药３天后虫口减退均达８５％以上。     

5种杀螨剂对荔枝叶螨的毒力测定及田间药效

用Potter喷雾法测定阿维菌素尧哒螨灵、噻螨酮尧螺螨酯和乙螨唑对荔枝叶螨成螨的室内毒力,并通过田间药效试验评价5种药剂对荔枝叶螨的防治效果。结果表明,阿维菌素和哒螨灵对荔枝叶螨成螨的致死中浓度LC50分别为0.18799 、1.05426mg/L,噻螨酮、螺螨酯和乙螨唑3种杀螨剂对荔枝叶螨成螨无效。田间药效试验结果表明,5%阿维菌素乳油、15%哒螨灵乳油和5%噻螨酮乳油对荔枝叶螨的速效性较好,而240 g/L 螺螨酯悬浮剂和110g/L乙螨唑悬浮剂速效性较差,药后2d,供试药剂各处理中15%哒螨灵乳油1765倍处理的防效（90.00%）最高,而110g/L乙螨唑悬浮剂6500倍处理的防效（57.04%）最差;药后7d,供试药剂各处理的防效均达到89%以上;药后15d,除5%阿维菌素乳油处理外,其余药剂处理的防效均达到100.00%,5%阿维菌素乳油8333倍处理防效（91.31%）最差,供试的5种药剂均能达到防治要求,持效期长,可用于荔枝叶螨的防治。     

针叶小爪螨种群动态的模糊聚类分析

本文采取动态模糊聚类的方法，分析针叶小爪螨在五莲园艺场１９９１年年间发生规律，结果表明：针叶小爪螨在一年中分为６个状态，并简要阐明了各自特点，为指导防治提供了依据。     

竹小爪螨种群消长及生态因子的影响比较

调查分析结果表明 :竹小爪螨 (Oligonychusurama Ehara)种群数量在福建南平竹林内 6月上旬到 8月上旬达到最高水平 ,除 4月外 ,其余时间保持在较高水平之上 ,以成螨和卵滞育 ,滞育期间具有较高的螨口基数 ,捕食螨对该螨有明显的跟随效应 .应用灰色理论分析表明 :4种生态因子对竹小爪螨卵的影响大小顺序为气温 >捕食螨 >相对湿度 >降雨量 ;对幼、若螨和成螨的影响大小顺序均为气温 >相对湿度 >捕食螨 >降雨量 ;就种群系统而言 ,其影响顺序与卵相同 .     

温度对加州新小绥螨捕食比哈小爪螨功能反应的影响

为明确加州新小绥螨对橡胶重要害螨比哈小爪螨的控害潜能,系统研究 5 个不同温度 21、24、27、30、33 ℃ 条件下加州新小绥螨对比哈小爪螨各螨态的捕食作用。结果表明：不同温度条件下加州新小绥螨对比哈小爪螨各螨态 的功能反应均能很好的拟合 Holling-II 型圆盘方程。在 21~33 ℃时,加州新小绥螨对比哈小爪各螨态的瞬时攻击率（a） 和捕食效能（a/Th）随温度的升高而增加,处理时间（Th）则缩短;当 30 ℃时,加州新小绥螨对比哈小爪螨成螨、若 螨、幼螨和卵的瞬时攻击率最大,分别为 1.119 0、1.336 5、1.241 8、1.233 5,a/Th 最强,分别为 18.90、56.39、141.11、 31.38 头（粒）/d,处置时间（Th）最短,分别为 0.059 2、0.023 7、0.008 8、0.039 3;当温度高于 30 ℃时,a 和 a/Th 开始下降,Th 延长。     

Evaluation of corn plant as potential banker plant for supporting predatory gall midge, Feltiella acarisuga (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in greenhouse vegetable production

The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most important and highly polyphagous pests of vegetables and other crops worldwide. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse to evaluate corn (Zea mays L.) as a banker plant for the predatory gall midge, Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) to potentially control T. urticae. Choice and no-choice experiments were carried out to determine the host plant preference of an alternative prey, Oligonychus pratensis (Banks)(Acari: Tetranychidae) to corn and green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Results showed that O. pratensis adults strongly preferred corn as a host plant and posed no risk to green bean. F. acarisuga was found to fly at least 7.0 m to search for new preys on green bean plants, and over 176 F. acarisuga larvae per leaf were recorded at 14 d after dispersal. F. acarisuga proved to be an excellent predator of both T. urticae and O. pratensis. The predation by F. acarisuga to T. urticae and O. pratensis ranged from 43.7 to 67.9% and 59.2 to 90.3%, respectively, under laboratory conditions. In a non-cage study, 81.2% of T. urticae population was suppressed by F. acarisuga in reference to the control (cage treatment). The results showed that this banker plant system has potential for controlling T. urticae in greenhouse vegetable production.     

石榴小爪螨分类学特征的亚显微观察(螨目：叶螨科)

石榴小爪螨［Oligonychus punicae (Hirst)］在陕西汉中对樟树已造成显著危害,亟待鉴定。螨虫标本经采集和预处理后置于扫描电子显微镜下观察,并对其跗节附器、须肢、领气管(气门沟)、上颚板(口针鞘)、足、体背刚毛、角质表皮纹等分类学特征进行亚显微拍摄。雌螨足Ⅰ跗节上的2对双毛、跗节爪上的2对粘毛、钩状真爪及其8根腹刺等结构清晰成像,形成直接而确凿的分类依据。此螨虫已成为当地园林害虫新记录,值得充分注意并遏制其害。     

Species of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oligonychus</Emphasis> infesting date palm cultivars in the Southern Arava Valley of Israel

In a study of date fruit damage caused byOligonychus spp., we investigated whether the cultivar affects phenology, and on what hosts the mites over-winter. Samples were taken from ‘Deglet Noor’, ‘Barhi’ and ‘Medjool’ trees from mid-April through mid-September during the years 1999–2002. In the ground-cover mites were monitored by collecting Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) under each sampling tree. Over 99% of the mites collected on Deglet Noor and Barhi fruit were identified asO. afrasiaticus. Mean population levels ofO. afrasiaticus reached ten mites or more (initiation of infestation) on Medjool in the second half of May, whereas on Deglet Noor this did not occur before the first week of July. On Barhi the initiation of infestation varied between plots and years, ranging from the second half of May to the beginning of July, but always occurred earlier than Deglet Noor. Mite populations on the pinnae remained low from June through October, not exceeding seven mites per pinna, whereas on fruit strands they reached peak populations of approximately 4000 mites per strand. The sex ratio (proportion of females) ofO. afrasiaticus on fruit of all three cultivars was highly female-biased, usually above 0.85. During winter,O. afrasiaticus was found on Bermuda grass in the orchard ground-cover as well as on fronds of all three cultivars. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 30, 2003.