Marker gene excision in transgenic Brassica napus via Agrobacterium-mediated Cre/lox transient expression system

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oil crops in the world. However, study on marker-free transgene of B. napus for bio-safety purpose is limited in this allotetraploid crop. In order to advance marker gene excision research, a newly designed Cre/lox system combining crossing and auto-excision strategy was introduced into B. napus. The system consists of 2 sets of independent vectors including pC35Spro::T7RP carrying T7 RNA polymerase and pCT7pro::Cre carrying T7 promoter respectively. After hybridization of 2 according types of transgenic B. napus, marker gene would be removed as T7 RNA polymerase facilitate T7 promoter to promote Cre gene expression. Totally 52 and 46 positive T₀ transgenic lines of these 2 vectors were obtained after identification by PCR and test trip. T₁ plants from 3 T₀ positive pC35Spro::T7RP lines and 2 T₀ positive pC35Spro::T7RP lines were identified as single copy according to segregation ratio and were chosen for crossing. However, expression of CP4 EPSPS (glyphosate resistance gene) and OXY (bromoxynil resistance gene) were not found in F₁ progeny, which proved that the excision was not complete. The possible reasons for our limited success were investigated and detailed analyses were performed. Although this system is not applicable for generating transgenic B. napus free from selectable marker gene, it provided valuable experience and clue for further improvement of this technique. Many other advantages and further improvement will be progressed in future work.     

BADH/pepB双价基因无选择标记表达载体转化苜蓿的初步研究

选用公农1号紫花苜蓿,以5～7d莆龄的无菌子叶为外植体,通过农杆菌介导法将含有甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)和酸性蛋白酶(pepB)双价基因的无选择标记表达载体导入苜蓿子叶中,并用含有Na2CO3和NaHCO3碱性盐溶液的培养基进行筛选,得到抗盐碱转化植株.碱性盐浓度48mmol/L宜于子叶愈伤诱导,有利于转化植株的获得.对转化植株进行PCR检测,初步证明目的基囚序列已经整合剑苜楷基因组中.移栽成活的13棵碱性盐抗性植株经PCR检测有3棵植株呈阳性.     

番茄无选择标记转化体系的研究

以含多毛番茄GGPS 基因的表达载体pBI121-GGPS 和无标记载体pBINMF-GUS 为基础,利用载体pBINMF-GUS 的T-DNA 区无选择标记基因的特点,将目的基因GGPS 连接于pBINMF-GUS 的T-DNA 中,用农杆菌菌株EHA105、C58 介导转化番茄品种中蔬6 号,利用PCR 直接筛选转化体。结果表明：MS+1.0 mg·L^-1 ZT+0.5 mg·L^-1 IAA 为子叶最佳芽诱导培养基,农杆菌菌株EHA105 更利于中蔬6号的转化,获得阳性植株4 株,转化率为3.6%。PCR 及RT-PCR 检测结果表明：目的基因已整合到中蔬6 号基因组中,且在转录水平上得到表达。     

LFY基因双T-DNA植物表达载体的构建

LFY基因是从从野生型拟南芥中克隆出的一个与调控花分生组织启动相关的基因,它有促进植物提早开花的作用。用PCR方法从克隆载体上扩增出LFY基因并在两端添加XhoⅠ酶切位点,将其连接在用XhoⅠ切除了hyg基因的pCAMBIA1301表达载体上,得到去除选择标记的LFY基因植物表达载pCAM-BIA1301-LFY。质粒pCAMBIA1301经HindⅡ/EcoRⅠ双酶切补平自连后得到去除多克隆位点的质粒pCAMBIA1301-,再经SacII/SphI双酶切后插入到经SacⅡ酶切的pCAMBIA1301-LFY中。建成双T-DNA植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301-LFY-hyg-,经酶切鉴定证明了所构建载体的正确性。将此双T-DNA载体用农杆菌介导法转化菊花叶片,期望得到无选择标记含LFY基因的转基因菊花。     

利用Cre/lox定位重组系统获得无选择标记GFP转基因烟草

【目的】利用Cre/lox系统具有的特异重组特性,以绿色荧光蛋白GFP为目的基因,获得无选择标记的GFP转基因烟草。【方法】将Bar基因表达盒置于两个同向lox位点之间并与GFP基因表达盒融合后获得相应植物表达载体,转化烟草后获得抗除草剂Basta的GFP转基因植株。GFP转基因植株叶盘二次转化导入重组酶Cre基因后,实现与GFP基因连锁的Bar基因表达盒剔除,剔除Bar基因的植株开花后自交使重组酶Cre基因分离,获得无选择标记的GFP转基因烟草。【结果】将含Bar基因表达盒以及GFP基因表达盒的植物表达载体转化烟草Wisconsin 38后获得了抗除草剂Basta以及GFP荧光表达的转基因植株。随机抽取5株转基因植株二次转化导入Cre基因,所获得的再生植株叶盘进行Basta的抗性检测,绝大多数单株对应叶盘在含8 mg•L-1 PPT（phosphinothricin）的筛选培养基上无法再生死亡,删除效率在76%～100%。对Bar基因删除后区域片段进行克隆测序分析显示,Bar基因表达盒已经被精确删除。Bar基因删除植株开花后自交,获得的自交后代进行NPTⅡ抗性检测,NPTⅡ敏感植株分子检测显示均只含有GFP基因。【结论】利用Cre/lox系统获得烟草无选择标记的转基因植物是稳定可行的,可广泛应用于其它无选择标记转基因植物的培育。     

含双边界序列植物双价表达载体的构建

转基因植物的安全性是基因工程改良作物的一个重要问题.构建含双边界序列（双T-DNA区）载体,将选择标记基因和目标外源基因分开在不同的T-DNA区,通过转基因植株有性杂交及后代分离,可在转基因后代中获得无选择标记的转基因安全植株.将2个外源基因置于同一载体上,可以提高其共转化的效率.本研究构建了1个中间载体pAHC17-PTA和1个含双边界序列的植物双价表达载体pDB13PS.pAHC17-PTA含有由Ubiquitin启动子引导的具有抗虫效果的半夏凝集素基因（PTA）.pDB13PS含2个独立的T-DNA区,在其中一个T-DNA区,含两个目的基因的完整的表达盒,一个是由Ubiquitin启动子引导的半夏凝集素基因（PTA）,另一个是由水稻胚乳特异表达启动子（Glutelin-B1 promoter）驱动的马铃薯高赖氨酸蛋白基因的cDNA（SB401）.pDB13PS的成功构建,为提高PTA和SB401的共转化效率和获得无选择标记的转基因后代植株奠定了基础.     

无抗性选择标记转基因技术在蔬菜作物上的应用

在广为应用的植物转基因技术中,绝大多数采用各种抗性基因作为选择标记,而这正是转基因植物对生态环境和食品、药品安全影响的隐患所在。目前主要通过无抗性选择标记转基因技术即安全选择标记的利用和标记基因删除法来克服这一问题。本文对正在应用的安全选择标记和标记基因删除法的最新研究进展及其在蔬菜作物上的应用情况进行综述,并简要分析了各方法的利弊和发展前景。     

无选择标记转基因植物研究进展

综述了近年来国内外在植物无选择标记转基因技术方面的发展和研究成果,包括共转化法、转座子法（Ac／Ds转座子系统）、位点特异性重组系统法（FLP/FRT、Cre／LoxP、R／RS）等。     

利用双T-DNA载体系统培育无选择标记转基因大豆

利用PCR和Southern杂交检测了161株转△^6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因（D6D）的T1代植株,初步筛选出只含有功能基因（D6D）而不含有筛选标记基因（bar）的转基因大豆植株9株,为获得富含γ-亚麻酸但不含选择标记基因的转基因大豆奠定了基础,并为转基因大豆的安全性种植提供了保障。同时对无标记基因的转基因植株进行了叶片涂抹除草剂验证,探讨了叶片涂抹除草剂结合目的基因PCR检测筛选无选择标记转基因植株的可行性。     

Salicylic Acid Induced Self-excision of the Marker Gene npt II Using CreloxP System from Transgenic Tobacco

Transgenic plants, despite a great deal of scientific evidences, have induced a number of environmental and consumer concerns for long time because various antibiotic resistance genes, according to common transformation strategies, will accompany engineered crops at all times. Several approaches, which have proven feasible, have been developed to excise marker genes from transgenic plants. The Cre-loxP site-specific recombination system from bacteriophage P1, which express the Cre protein to result in recombination between loxP sites, is one of the strategies mostly eliminated selectable marker in transgenic plants （Chen et al., 2003; Chen et al., 2004）. Either the transient expression or an inducible factor to turn on the expression of cre gene is existed in current Cre-loxP excision system. It requires crossing with a recombinase-expressing line and does not optimize to be functional for clonally propagated crops. Therefore, the strategies of self-excision of selectable markers mediated by CreloxP recombination system are coming to front （Cuellar et al., 2006; Mlynarova and Nap, 2003; Yuan et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2006）.