植物雌激素槲皮素对非洲爪蟾生长和骨骼发育的影响

用两栖动物非洲爪蟾作模型动物,来揭示植物雌激素槲皮素对非洲爪蟾生长和骨骼发育的影响。非洲爪蟾从46/47期开始,分别暴露50μg/L,100μg/L,200μg/L槲皮素,直至变态后1个月。结果表明槲皮素处理一方面促进蝌蚪体重的增加,另一方面导致尾的畸形。200μg/L槲皮素还导致脊柱的畸形,表现为少一块脊椎骨。     

Effect of terbutryn at environmental concentrations on early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of terbutryn to early developmental stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Based on accumulated mortality in the experimental groups, lethal concentrations of terbutryn were estimated at 36 day LC50 = 3.06 mg l⁻¹ terbutryn. Based on inhibition of growth in the experimental groups, lowest observed-effect concentration (LOEC) = 0.005 mg l⁻¹ terbutryn; and no observed-effect concentration (NOEC) = 0.0007 mg l⁻¹ terbutryn. Fulton’s condition factors were significantly lower in fish exposed to 2 mg l⁻¹ compared with controls. By day 30, fish exposed to 0.00002 mg l⁻¹ - real environmental concentration in Czech rivers - 0.02, 0.2, and 2 mg l⁻¹ terbutryn showed significantly lower mass and total length compared with controls. No significant negative effects on hatching or embryo viability were demonstrated at the concentrations tested, but significant differences in early ontogeny among groups were noted. Fish from the two highest tested concentrations (0.2 and 2 mg l⁻¹) showed a dose-related delay in development compared with the controls. At concentrations of 0.02, 0.2, and 2 mg l⁻¹ damage to caudal kidney tubules when compared to control fish was found.     

4种常用消毒药物对棕点石斑鱼(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)受精卵孵化的影响

人工育苗中对受精卵进行消毒,可以很大程度上预防各种病原对受精卵的危害,防止病原体的垂直传播。但是,用化学药物消毒,总会对鱼的受精卵产生一定程度的毒害作用。因此,人工育苗中进行受精卵消毒处理时必须控制药物种类、药物浓度及消毒时间。本研究在(27.0±0.5)℃条件下,使用药物浸泡的方法,研究了4种常用水产消毒药物对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼受精卵[棕点石斑鱼(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)]孵化效果的影响。聚维酮碘、甲醛和二氧化氯的处理时间均为10 min,臭氧处理分1 min、2 min和3 min共3个梯度。使用SPSS 17.0软件对试验数据进行方差分析,结果表明,其受精卵的孵化率和畸形率与药物的浓度、处理时间呈负相关。甲醛和二氧化氯处理组与对照组的孵化率、畸形率差异显著;聚维酮碘处理组中25 mg/L、50 mg/L与75 mg/L各处理与对照组无差异,100 mg/L处理出现显著差异;臭氧处理组,0.3 mg/L处理中的各时间梯度间的孵化率和畸形率与对照组差异性不显著,0.5 mg/L、0.7 mg/L及1.0 mg/L处理中各时间梯度间差异极显著,0.5 mg/L处理2 min时,孵化率已极低,仅为4.14%,畸形率为50.00%。试验结果证明,在珍珠龙胆石斑鱼苗种生产中,其受精卵的适宜消毒药物、浓度范围及处理时间分别为:聚维酮碘20–70 mg/L处理10 min,臭氧0.3–0.5 mg/L处理1 min;二氧化氯、甲醛对受精卵刺激显著,而且对环境及人体有毒副作用,建议在生产中尽量不要使用。     

Thoracolumbar spinal cord compression due to vertebral process degenerative joint disease in a family of Shiloh Shepherd dogs

Five young Shiloh Shepherd Dogs (4 males and 1 female) related by a common sire were studied because of progressive pelvic limb weakness and incoordination. All dogs had a spastic paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia consistent with an upper motor neuron and general proprioceptive lesion between spinal cord segments T3 and L3. Proliferative lesions involving one or more of the articular processes from the 11th thoracic vertebrae to the 2nd lumbar vertebra were observed on radiographs of the thoracolumbar vertebrae. Dorsal compression of the spinal cord was identified during imaging studies at these sites. Abnormalities of the synovial joints and bony proliferation of the involved articular processes were identified at postmortem examination in 2 dogs. The articular processes and associated vertebral arches protruded into the vertebral canal, indenting the dorsal surface of the spinalcord. Degenerative joint disease (DJD) was identified histologically. A compressive myelopathy was diagnosed in the spinal cord. These dogs were affected by a compressive myelopathy as a consequence of vertebral process DJD that likely has a geneticcomponent. The DJD could have been caused by a primary vertebral malformation or an injury to the processes at a young age causing malarticulation.     

Pedigree analysis of Czech Holstein calves with schistosoma reflexum

Background

Schistosoma reflexum (SR) is congenital syndrome briefly characterized by visceral eventration, severe dorsoflexion and ankylosis of the spine and arthrogryposis. A genetic etiology has been proposed, but conclusive evidence has not yet been provided.

Methods

Pedigree analysis was carried out in 29 cases of SR in Czech Holsteins and Holstein crosses. Genetic relationship was evaluated and inbreeding coefficients calculated. Pedigrees of 15 Czech Holsteins fathering non-SR affected calves were used for comparison.

Results

Twenty-one cases occurred in one pedigree founded by three sires while three SR calves occurred in another pedigree with a common grandfather. The sex ratio between affected males and females was 11:6. Affected calves shared common ancestors different from those shared by the unaffected calves. The inbreeding coefficient in the SR affected calves was not increased compared to unaffected calves.

Conclusions

The findings are consistent with SR being inherited autosomal recessively. Further studies are however needed to confirm this and therefore a breeding trial is recommended where a suspected heterozygous sire is mated to closely related females.     

除去精浆、添加维生素E及水浴平衡对莎能奶山羊精液冷冻效果的影响

主要探讨精液离心、添加VE及平衡方法对山羊细管冻精冷冻-解冻后活力、顶体完整率等的影响,为提高山羊精液冷冻保存效果提供依据.试验1:将鲜精稀释后分为3组,第1组为稀释精液1 000 r/min离心6 min,去掉一半的上清液;第2组用相同的方法反复离心3次,完全去掉精浆;第3组不离心,做为对照.试验2:在稀释液中添加15 g/L VE,以不添加组作为对照.试验3:采用纱布包裹和水浴平衡两种方法.试验结果表明,离心去掉部分精浆组和离心去精浆组精子冷冻-解冻后的活力比不离心组高,差异显著(P＜0.05).精子顶体完整率和畸形率有所下降,但与对照组相比较差异不显著(P＞0.05).离心去掉部分精浆组和离心完全去精浆组相比,精子冷冻一解冻后的活力、顶体完整率和畸形率差异不显著(P＞0.05).冷冻稀释液中添加VE组的顶体完整率显著提高(P＜0.05),畸形率变化与对照组无差异(P＞0.05),精子活力提高效果也不明显(P＞0.05).精液冷冻前平衡方法以水浴法为好,与纱布包裹平衡组相比,水浴平衡组的活力和顶体完整率高(P＜0.05),精子畸形率较低(P＜0.05).可见,精液离心后去掉适量精浆可显著提高冷冻后精子的活力;添加VE可显著提高精液冷冻后精子的顶体完整率;与纱布包裹平衡法相比,水浴平衡法可显著提高精液冷冻后精子的品质.     

Pre-harvest foliar application of calcium and boron influences physiological disorders,fruit yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)

Studies were conducted in ‘Chandler’ strawberry to determine if pre-harvest foliar application of Ca, B or their combination influences physiological disorders, fruit yield and quality or not. For this, treatments consisted of (i) five sprays of calcium as CaCl₂ (first spray was performed at the petal fall stage and later at 7 days interval), (ii) three sprays of boron as boric acid (first spray at the beginning of flowering and later at 15 day interval), (iii) combination of (i) and (ii), and (iv) plants sprayed with water served as the control. Results indicated that fruit harvested from plants, which were sprayed either with Ca or Ca + B had significantly lesser incidence of albinism (6.7 and 6.5%), and grey mould (1.3 and 1.2%) than those harvested from plants sprayed either with B alone or in control. Although, B alone could not influence the incidence of albinism and grey mould, but it reduced fruit malformation (3.4 and 3.1%) significantly. Further, Ca, B or their combination had not influenced the individual berry weight, but marketable fruit yield differed significantly. The lowest marketable fruit yield (149.3 g/plant) was recorded in plants under control, and the highest (179.2 g/plant) in plants sprayed with Ca + B. Similarly, such fruit were firmer; had lower TSS, higher acidity and ascorbic acid content at harvest than those in control. Similarly, such fruit after 5 days storage were firmer and brighter, and have significantly lower TSS (7.9 and 7.8%); higher ascorbic acid content (43.7 and 45.0 mg/100 g pulp) and acidity (1.08 and 1.07%) than those in control or those receiving B alone. Incidence of grey mould was significantly lesser in fruit, which received Ca (2.2%) or Ca + B (1.9%) than those, which received either B (8.1%) alone or those in control (8.4%). Our studies indicated that pre-harvest foliar application of Ca + B is quite useful for reducing the incidence of disorders and getting higher marketable yield in ‘Chandler’ strawberry.