Combining Plant Growth with Nutrient Content Measurements as a Method to Compare Nutrient Use by Different Raspberry Cultivars

ABSTRACT

Monthly above-ground destructive sampling and partitioning of the plant into distinct component parts for growth and nutrient element (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, B, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) analyses were used to compare elemental compositions in two red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars (‘Willamette’ and ‘Haida’) grown in a uniformly managed field plot. Quantitative measurements showed that the two cultivars had different growth patterns. ‘Haida’ yielded greater fresh berry weight and dry matter content than ‘Willamette’ on a per floricane basis, but, because of fewer ‘Haida’ than ‘Willamette’ floricanes in the plot after standard commercial pruning practices, fresh berry yield was similar for both cultivars on a unit area basis. ‘Haida’ berries ripened slightly earlier than ‘Willamette’. Stem, lateral and leaf growth differed between the two cultivars. Although only whole above-ground accumulation (kg ha-1) of one (Ca) of the ten elements measured was different in the two cultivars, the amounts and patterns of all nutrients in the various plant components of floricanes and primocanes differed in significant ways. In some cases, element concentrations in a specific plant component differed between cultivars while dry matter accumulation differed in the opposite way resulting in the same total accumulation in the cane involved. In other cases, there was greater accumulation in one cane type (primocane vs. floricane) than the other such that there was similar accumulation of that element in the whole plant. For Ca, accumulation in primocanes was greater for ‘Willamette’ than ‘Haida’ whereas there was no difference of accumulation in floricanes which resulted in greater accumulation of Ca in the whole above-ground plant in ‘Willamette’. Maximum accumulation of the elements in floricanes occurred generally earlier in the growing season (July to September) than in primocanes (September to October), and these maxima were frequently at different times for the two cultivars, making comparisons of nutrient compositions in the two cultivars complex. Detailed sampling periodically over the growing season in combination with element analysis of these raspberry plant components as done in this study provided a better basis for comparing nutrients in raspberry cultivars than examining element concentrations of a specific plant component (e.g., leaves) sampled once during the growing season because patterns of nutrients over time in the cultivars differed.     

大量元素水溶性肥料(微量元素型·粉剂)对桃源与益阳晚稻产量和经济效益的影响

[目的]为研究大量元素水溶性肥料对晚稻产量、经济效益的影响.[方法]于2014年7～11月在桃源与益阳赫山区同时进行晚稻大量元素水溶肥料(微量元素型、粉剂)效果试验,桃源县在孕穗期、灌浆期喷施大量元素水溶肥料(微量元素型、粉剂),赫山区在孕穗期、齐穗期叶面喷施大量元素水溶肥料(微量元素型、粉剂).[结果]施用大量元素水溶肥料(微量元素型、粉剂)可以改善两地晚稻的产量构成因素,显著提高晚稻产量与其经济效益,对晚稻的增产、增收有有效的促进作用.[结论]由湖南泰谷生物科技股份有限公司生产的大量元素水溶性肥料(微量元素型、粉剂)可以在晚稻上大面积推广应用.     

Water deficit and polyethylene glycol 6000 affects morphological and biochemical characters of Pelargonium odoratissimum (L.)

The effects of water deficit and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 on the growth and content of essential oil, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, proline, macroelements (N–P–K) and microelements (Mg–Zn–Fe–Mn) of Pelargonium odoratissimum (L.) plants were investigated. Water deficits of 80% and 40% of field water capacity decreased certain growth characters (total leaf area, leaf number, and total fresh and dry mass). The photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a and b, total carotenoids) and mineral content (N–P–K–Mg–Zn–Fe–Mn) also decreased as water deficit level increased. Water deficit promoted the accumulation of essential oil content and its main components (methyl eugenol, isomenthone and limonene) as well as total soluble sugars and proline contents. The water deficit × PEG 6000 interaction was greater than water deficit treatments alone on all plant growth characters assessed.     

西藏那曲地区高寒草地牧草矿物元素动态变化及盈缺分析

测定了那曲地区尼玛县高寒草地不同月份围栏内和围栏外牧草矿物元素（Ca、P、Na、K、Mg、Cu和Zn）含量，并根据元素的吸收率及藏山羊矿物元素需要量，对放牧藏山羊采食牧草中矿物元素的盈缺进行了分析。结果表明：同月份围栏内与围栏外的矿物元素含量差异不显著（P〉0．05），但不同季节的变异很大。夏秋季牧草Ca、P、Na、K、Mg、Cu、Zn的含量（Ca1．25％DM，P0．1419％DM，Na0．06％DM，K1．51％DM，Mg0．28％DM，Cu8．70mg／kg，Zn27．35mg／kg）高于冬春季（Ca0．72％DM，P0．0005％DM，Na0．02％DM，K0．43％DM，Mg0．10％DM，Cu3．02mg／kg，Zn8．49mg／kg）。除Mg和青草期的K能满足藏山羊的需要外，其余元素不能满足藏山羊生长、繁殖和泌乳对矿物元素的需要量。     

达乌尔鼠兔不同组织无机元素的含量

比较了达乌尔鼠兔（Ｏｃｈｏｔｏｎａ ｄａｕｒｉｃａ）不同组织无机元素含量,各组织顺序是毛〉骨〉肌肉〉肝〉心〉卵巢〉精巢。不同组织及季节无机元素含量有变化。春季（５月份）大于夏季（８月份）。     

盐分处理对滨梅根际微域营养元素质量分数的影响

运用X-射线电子探针研究不同质量浓度的盐处理对滨梅(Prunus maritima)根际和根内营养元素相对质量分数及其分布的影响,揭示根-土界面微域养分的吸收、累积与亏缺状况,为植物耐盐机理和盐土改良利用提供依据。结果表明:在根际0~100μm范围内,9g/L处理的Na、Mg、Ca、Zn均呈明显亏缺状况,K、Cl亏缺不明显,而Fe则出现明显累积。随NaCl处理质量浓度的增加,Na、Mg吸收量增多,而Cl、Ca、Fe则呈先升后降趋势,表明一定质量浓度盐分下滨梅吸收Cl、Ca等元素较多,植物长势较好,但质量浓度过高则吸收Na、Mg较多,不仅影响细胞的扩张性能,而且造成生理缺水,引起植物伤害。因此,Na、Mg吸收累积可能是引起植物盐害的主要原因。