番茄不同部位中糖含量和相关酶活性的研究

 试验将番茄光合产物运转途径上叶片(源) 、运输系统以及果实(库) 区分开, 分别测定其糖的组成和含量以及糖代谢相关酶的活性。结果表明: 番茄光合产物运转途径上从“源”到“库”各部位糖的组成和含量不同。叶肉中果糖的含量最高, 蔗糖的含量最低; 中筋中以果糖和葡萄糖为主; 叶柄维管束中葡萄糖含量最高, 蔗糖含量次之, 果糖含量最低。节间和果柄维管束中主要含有蔗糖。果实维管束以及果实内各部位中则主要含有葡萄糖和果糖, 且两者含量无显著差异, 蔗糖含量很低。萼片中葡萄糖含量最高, 蔗糖含量最低; 果蒂中3种糖含量均较高且无显著差异。番茄叶肉及光合产物运转组织中转化酶活性很低, 而在库器官的非维管组织中转化酶活性较高。果蒂中的蔗糖合成酶( SS) 活性最高, 其次是叶肉和运转组织, 果实内各部位中SS活性较低。在合成蔗糖的器官—叶肉中, 有较高的蔗糖磷酸合成酶( SPS) 活性, 运转组织中的SPS活性较叶肉中降低, 但果柄维管束和果实维管束中则表现出较高SPS活性, 果肉、果胶质胎座及心室隔壁中的SPS活性最低。     

瓜类嫁接栽培技术探讨

从6个瓜类砧木品种中，选出了黄瓜适宜砧木为黑籽南瓜，苦瓜适宜砧木为黑籽南瓜和本地肉丝瓜，西瓜适宜砧木为超丰F1和欣京砧一号。瓜类嫁接方法以顶插接法和劈接法为宜，嫁接时期在3月初为宜。重病地黄瓜嫁接苗比自根苗枯萎病发病率降低95．8％，产量提高34．9％；嫁接苦瓜发病率降低83．7％，增产16．9％；嫁接西瓜发病率降低88．9％，增产13．7％。     

植物生长调节剂在茄果类蔬菜上的应用进展

概述了植物生长调节剂的作用和当前茄果类蔬菜作物栽培中常用生长调节剂的种类、主要作用及其调控生理基础，指出了植物生长调节剂使用应注意的问题及其应用前景。     

新型蔬菜专用肥在叶菜上的使用效果

新型蔬菜专用肥采用N、P、K和含粘土矿物、Ca、Mg及其他微量元素的营养型土壤改良剂复配而成。大田试验表明，在三种叶菜上的增产效果优于进口复合肥和国内常用的复混肥料，增产率分别达6.52%-13.2%和6.4%-27.5%，收益分别增加13.3%-23.6%和7.2%-32.9%，施用新型蔬菜专用叶面肥具有提高土壤pH值，增加代换性Ca和Mg，提高土壤有效N、P、K的效果。     

芽苗类蔬菜的发展动态及其展望

阐述了芽苗类蔬菜在发展过程中定义的演变、形成及其在蔬菜分类中的地位，依定义将其分为种菜与体芽菜两类；并对其发展概况、新技术的应用和当前的研究动向进行了综述。     

两种复合肥在叶菜类蔬菜上的应用效果比较

在山东省莱阳和寿光两地露地及保护地生长的芹菜和大白菜上进行新型复合肥 2 1 8 11S肥效研究 ,同时与市场上较为流行的 15 15 15S复合肥进行比较。结果表明 ,2 1 8 11S复合肥比 15 15 15S复合肥在增加产量、提高品质方面效果更好。 2 1 8 11S复合肥最佳用量大白菜为 14 14～ 170 0kg·hm-2 ,芹菜为 2 0 6 2～ 2 4 78kg·hm-2 。     

Comparison of an in vitro and a damping-off assay to test soils for suppressiveness to Pythium aphanidermatum

Testing of soil samples in greenhouse assays for suppressiveness to soilborne plant pathogens requires a considerable investment in time and effort as well as large numbers of soil samples. To make it possible to process large numbers of samples efficiently, we compared an in vitro growth assay with a damping-off assay using Pythium aphanidermatum as the test organism on tomato seedlings. The in vitro test compares the radial growth or relative growth of the fungus in soil to that in autoclaved soil and reflects suppressiveness of soils to the pathogen. We used soils from a field experiment that had been farmed either organically or conventionally and into which a cover crop (oats and vetch in mixture) had been incorporated 0, 10, 21, and 35 days previously. We obtained a significant, positive correlation between damping-off severities of tomato seedlings in damping-off assays and both relative and radial growth in vitro. In addition, radial and relative growth of P. aphanidermatum in the in vitro assay were positively correlated with several carbon and nitrogen variables measured for soil and incorporated debris. We did not find differences between the two farming systems for either growth measures of P. aphanidermatum or disease severities on tomato at different stages of cover crop decomposition. The in vitro assay shows potential for use with any fungus that exhibits rapid saprophytic growth, and is most suitable for routine application in suppressiveness testing.     

The salicylic acid-dependent defence pathway is effective against different pathogens in tomato and tobacco

The role of salicylic acid (SA) was investigated in basal defence and induced resistance to powdery mildew ( Oidium neolycopersici ) and grey mould ( Botrytis cinerea ) in tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) and tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ). A comparison of NahG transgenic tomato and tobacco (unable to accumulate SA) to their respective wild types revealed that in tomato, SA was not involved in basal defence against O. neolycopersici but NahG tobacco showed an enhanced susceptibility to O. neolycopersici infection, the effect becoming more obvious as the plants grew older. In contrast, SA played no role in the basal defence of tobacco against B. cinerea , but seemed to contribute to basal defence of tomato against B. cinerea. Activation of the SA-dependent defence pathway via benzothiadiazole (BTH) resulted in induced resistance against O. neolycopersici in tobacco but not in tomato. Microscopic analysis revealed that BTH treatment could prevent penetration of the Oidium germ tube through tobacco leaves, whereas penetration was successful on tomato leaves irrespective of BTH treatment. In contrast, soil or leaf treatment with BTH induced resistance against B. cinerea in tomato but not in tobacco. It is concluded that the SA-dependent defence pathway is effective against different pathogens in tomato and tobacco.     

和龙市林业局龙牙楤木的开发利用

龙牙楤木是享誉长白山地区最著名的木本山野菜之一，除了食用价值，还兼有补气安神、强精滋肾的药用价值。由于当地广大群众一直实行掠夺性的采摘方法，致使野生龙牙楤木资源受到严重破坏，其蕴藏量和可采量逐年减少，供需矛盾日渐突出；为保护当地濒危经济植物———龙牙楤木，采取必要的保障措施，综合开发利用，才能使龙牙楤木产业真正成为和龙市多种经营的重要来源之一。     

鲜活农产品在连云港市的物流与营销

指出了人们对农产品的消费观念发生了深刻的变化，从消费者对农产品的需求及消费者购买行为两方面分析了连云港市的市场环境，并对鲜活农产品在连云港市的物流与营销进行了探讨。