几种韭菜田除草剂大田防除效果及其安全性研究

[目的]筛选效果较好的韭菜田除草剂。[方法]通过大田试验研究了5种韭菜田除草剂的防效并评价了其对韭菜的安全性。[结果]对于单子叶杂草的防治效果,10%精喹禾灵EC+特殊助剂的综合防治效果最好,330 g/L二甲戊灵EC、200 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸EC、10%乙羧氟草醚EC、56%2甲4氯钠SP较差;对于双子叶植物,除330 g/L二甲戊灵EC外,10%精喹禾灵EC+特殊助剂、200 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸EC、10%乙羧氟草醚EC、56%2甲4氯钠SP都有较理想的防效,防治效果都可达90%以上。330 g/L二甲戊灵EC对韭菜田整个生长过程没有明显药害产生,其他药剂在使用初期不同程度地产生药害,尤其10%乙羧氟草醚EC产生触杀性药害,造成负的增产率,但药害程度会随韭菜的生长不断减轻。[结论]推荐使用10%精喹禾灵EC+特殊助剂防治韭菜田杂草。     

330 g/L二甲戊灵乳油防除韭菜田杂草试验

为了确定330 g/L二甲戊灵EC能安全有效控制韭菜田杂草的用量,采用播后苗期施药,研究其在施后15、30、45 d对韭菜田旱稗、马唐等杂草的防治效果。试验结果表明,药后45 d,试验药剂495~742.5 g/hm2(有效成分用量)对旱稗、马唐、狗尾草、野苋、藜的最终株防效和鲜质量防效分别为96.97%~99.95%、97.86%~99.95%,96.46%~100%、96.78%~100%,92.51%~98.91%、94.06%~98.88%,54.51%~70.30%、58.69%~77.29%,55.82%~68.72%、72.64%~82.78%。药后10~30 d观察结果表明,试验药剂处理土壤对韭菜安全。     

Mitochondrial genome variation in Allium ampeloprasum and its wild relatives

Limitation in mitochondrial genome diversity of leek, revealed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses with mitochondrial gene probes, prevent a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system in elite populations. However, mitochondrial genome diversity was detected in Allium ampeloprasum L. wild accession and landraces, as well as in pearl onion. Within this plant material, nine mitotypes were distinguished and could be used in order to broaden the genetic basis of leek. A chimeric mitochondrial gene configuration is usable as a marker for the sterility inducing cytoplasms (S₁) in chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.) and in onion (Allium cepa L.) for (S) and (T) cytoplasm. This chimeric mitochondrial gene configuration is also present in the subgenus Allium, revealed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, only a faint amplicon was observed in a few accessions investigated herein, suggesting that this fragment might be present to a lesser level in mitochondrial DNA, as a sublimon.     

韭菜引种试验的灰色关联度分析

调查引自日本、韩国和天津主栽韭菜品种的性状指标,运用灰色关联度分析方法,对备品种与理想品种性状间的关联程度进行了分析.结果表明,引进的12个品种与理想品种性状的关联度排序依次为:日本神奇0.846＞日本皮带王0.756＞日本雷鸣0.720＞日本强力0.683＞日本冬青0.583＞日本广巾0.513＞汉中冬韭0.502＞...     

基于ISSR标记的韭菜种质资源遗传多样性初探

为深化韭菜种质资源遗传多样性研究,应用ISSR分子标记方法,进行韭菜资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。筛选15条多态性好的ISSR引物,对36份韭菜种质资源建立起DNA指纹库,扩增指纹多态性比率达96.3%,是韭菜种质资源研究的一种有效分子标记;应用Nei-li相似系数法估算出36份材料间的遗传相似系数(genetic similarity)为0.60～0.82,遗传多样性比较丰富。可见,ISSR分子标记是进一步开展韭菜种质资源DNA指纹库构建与分子标记辅助育种技术研究的有效手段。     

韭菜精准施肥技术研究

对韭菜氮肥施用品种、氮肥最佳使用量和氮、磷、钾合理配比进行了研究。结果表明,韭菜适宜施用的氮肥品种为硫酸铵和尿素,碳酸氢铵、硝酸铵和氯化铵增产效果较差。在中等肥力石灰性土壤上,露地栽培的韭菜适宜的氮、磷、钾肥用量为：每hm2纯N450-530kg,P2O5378kg,K2O440kg,N：P2O5：K2O=1：0.77：0.90。     

QuEChERS法动态监测及评价山西省韭菜中12种农药残留

采用乙腈超声提取,经PSA、C_(18)基质分散净化,通过液质联用及气质联用建立了韭菜中吡虫啉、敌敌畏、毒死蜱、多菌灵、腐霉利、甲胺磷、甲氰菊酯、克百威、六六六、氯丹、(高效)氯氟氰菊酯、阿维菌素等12种农药的Qu ECh ERS(quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugged,safe)快速检测方法,并对山西省市售韭菜的农药残留状况进行了动态监测和评价。结果表明:山西省韭菜中农药残留的总检出率为80%,超标率为20%,使用比较多的农药为吡虫啉、敌敌畏、多菌灵、腐霉利、甲氰菊酯和(高效)氯氟氰菊酯,腐霉利超标是韭菜产品不合格的主要因素。8月后太原及周边地区韭菜中的农药残留水平较高,且该地区农贸市场与超市韭菜中农药残留的检出率相近,但前者超标率(27.3%)明显高于后者(9.1%)。     

Incidence of Viruses Infecting Allium Spp. in Greece

A survey identified viruses infecting garlic, leek and onion crops and wild Allium species in Greece. Virus identification was based on ELISA, immunoelectron microscopy, and occasionally on RT-PCR. Samples of cultivated Allium species were collected from five districts, whereas samples of twenty-seven wild Allium species were also collected from all over Greece. Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) were identified in 98.5% and 83.7% of all samples, respectively, and were found in all regions. Allexiviruses were also detected in all regions and their incidence ranged from 62.5% to 70.5% (depending on region and type of allexivirus). Garlic common latent virus (GCLV) was detected in samples from Arcadia (97.6%) and Evia (18.0%) and in one field in Larissa (23.0%). Shallot latent virus (SLV) was found only in two areas (Evros and Theva) and in fields planted with imported propagative material, from Iran and China. The incidence of virus-like symptoms in leek crops ranged from 10.0% to 90.0% in different regions and fields and all symptomatic plants were found to be infected by LYSV. Onion yellow dwarf virus was only found in seven symptomatic onion samples from southern Greece. Allium ampeloprasum spp. ampeloprasum and Allium flavum, were the only wild Allium species found to be infected with LYSV. Finally Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) was found in A. sphaerocephalon, A. guttatum, A. subhirsutum, and A. neapolitanum.     

青海乐都地区韭菜种植存在的问题及发展对策

乐都县是青海省的蔬菜大县,韭菜是乐都县优势蔬菜之一,近年来乐都县韭菜种植存在品种落后、病虫害发生严重、农药残留严重、商品性差等问题,影响了乐都韭菜产业的发展。可通过选用良种,培育壮苗,及时定植,合理密植,综合防治病虫害,适时科学收割等有效措施,实现韭菜高产高效。     

不同供磷水平对韭菜可溶性蛋白与可溶性糖含量的影响

通过水培法,研究了不同供磷水平对4个韭菜品种可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量的影响。结果表明,P0时4个韭菜品种可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量均最低,随磷浓度的升高,各供试品种可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量呈先升高后降低的趋势。在各处理中,791雪韭可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量始终高于其它品种。