黄伞菌丝深层发酵培养基的优化

采用摇瓶培养法对黄伞菌丝深层发酵培养基组成进行了研究。结果表明 ,黄伞菌丝深层发酵适宜的碳源为葡萄糖 ,适宜的氮源为牛肉膏 ;正交试验得到较优培养基配方     

宿主植物对AM真菌生长发育的影响

研究了宿主植物对丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizae,AM)真菌(Glomus mosseae)生长发育的影响。结果表明:温室条件下,4种宿主植物都能与丛枝菌根真菌共生,综合比较菌根长度、根外菌丝量及孢子数3项指标,高粱敖杂1号对真菌的生长发育最为有利。宿主植物菌根长度及根中的可溶性糖质量分数与根外孢子数呈显著正相关,而宿主植物中磷质量分数与菌根真菌的生长发育没有显著的相关性。说明不同宿主植物甚至同种宿主植物不同基因型的品种与丛枝菌根真菌的共生状况不同,宿主植物的菌根长度及根中可溶性糖质量分数对菌根真菌的生长发育有显著影响。     

尖峰岭野生灵芝和人工栽培灵芝菌丝多糖含量比较

灵芝菌丝多糖是灵芝的主要活性成分之一。采用醇沉水提法提取灵芝菌丝多糖,并用蒽酮一硫酸法测定不同菌株灵芝分别在不同制种阶段的多糖含量。结果表明：这三种灵芝菌株的菌丝多糖含量均是一级种比二级种高,二级种比三级种高;一级种和二级种的菌丝多糖含量均是野生灵芝比人工栽培灵芝高;三级种菌丝多糖含量,野生灵芝和人工栽培灵芝菌丝多糖含...     

Dual plant host effects on two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Mycorrhizal fungi may simultaneously associate with multiple plant hosts, and the implications of this for the fungi involved are not well understood. To address this question, two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Glomus clairoideum (a treatment referred to as “Glo”) and Scutellospora fulgida (a treatment referred to as “Scut”), were grown separately in pots that each consisted of two plant compartments separated by a root-free-compartment (RFC). Fungi within each two-plant-compartment pot were exposed to either two individuals of indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans), two individuals of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), or one of each. A non-inoculated treatment (“Non”) was included to help gauge the potential influence of greenhouse contaminant fungi, cross-contamination, or any misidentification of non-AMF hyphae. The two host species had additive effects on the growth of AM hyphae in plant compartments of Scut, Glo, and Non pots, and in the RFCs of Scut pots. In Glo RFCs, however, they were antagonistic in their effects. Synergism between hosts in Non RFCs suggested that any potential contaminants or misidentification could not explain this result. Underyielding was not seen in shoot weight, root weight, or root length in dual host pots, and also therefore could not explain the result. Hyphal growth in the Scut treatment was evenly distributed between the RFC and plant compartments (or marginally skewed toward the RFC), while hyphal growth in the Glo treatment was skewed toward plant compartments (nearer roots). However, hyphal lengths were more highly correlated across plant compartments within a common pot in the Glo treatment, suggesting that this AMF bridged the RFC to experience the entire two-host pot as a single environment to a greater extent than Scut did. These AMF differed in how they responded to both the species composition of the two-host environment and its spatial structure; potential implications for mycorrhizal community dynamics are discussed.     

Microbiota accompanying different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal isolates influence soil aggregation

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are key components of ecosystems through their influence on plant communities and ecosystem processes. A major source of information regarding the importance of AMF species richness on process rates are mesocosm experiments using different levels of diversity of AMF as provided by single-species cultures of AMF. Since AMF inocula are generally made available in the form of non-sterile pot culture material, it is possible that AMF symbiosis-associated microbiota are at least partially responsible for some effects hitherto directly attributed to the AMF mycelium. Here, we provide evidence that microbiota associated with single-species cultures of AMF (after long-term pot culture enrichment of 7–8 years) can strongly affect the ecosystem process of soil aggregation. This effect occurred in an AMF isolate specific manner, but in the absence of live and active AMF mycelium. We additionally documented large differences in microbiota communities associated with the different AMF inocula (using PLFA analyses), suggesting that these differences were at least partly responsible for the observed changes in soil aggregation. This result points to AMF–microbiota interactions as a largely unexplored mechanism underlying soil aggregation (and potentially other ecosystem processes). We suggest that a reinterpretation of previous experiments using greenhouse-derived AMF cultures may be necessary, and the need to consider AMF symbiosis-associated microbiota in mechanistic studies of AMF and mycorrhizae in general is emphasized.     

血耳生物学特性的研究

血耳是民间极感性趣的一种药用兼食用菌。本文从温度、湿度、pH、光线、水份、碳源、氮源、培养代料等因子对血耳菌丝生长原基分化、出耳的影响进行了生物学特性方面的研究,为开发利用血耳,进行人工栽培提供资料。     

大豆灰斑病菌菌丝块离体叶接种快速鉴定方法的建立

[目的]建立一种室内可重复、快速准确鉴定大豆对灰斑病抗性的方法。[方法]利用大豆灰斑病1号和7号生理小种及6种不同抗性的大豆品种为材料,研究并建立了大豆灰斑病抗性的菌丝块接种快速鉴定方法。[结果]在28℃、12h光照与12h黑暗交替的条件下,Minimal培养基生长的菌丝块接种抗感大豆叶片,菌斑面积明显不同,且鉴定结果与已知抗感品种报道的灰斑病抗性一致。[结论]菌丝块离体叶接种鉴定具有不受生育期和环境条件限制、可重复性强的特点,是大豆灰斑病抗性室内鉴定的一种有效方法。     

巨大口蘑Tsw-06生物学特性研究

对巨大13蘑Tsw-06的生物学特性做了初步的研究。比较了不同温度、pH值、碳源、氮源条件下菌丝生长情况。试验结果表明,巨大口蘑Tsw-06菌丝生长最适温度为25℃～30℃,最适pH值为6．0,最适碳源为玉米粉,最适氮源为黄豆粉,最适培养基含水量为70％。     

烟管菌T1原生质体制备及菌丝再生条件优化

[目的]研究烟管菌T1(Bjerkandera adusta)原生质体制备及菌丝再生的最佳条件。[方法]研究菌龄、渗透压稳定剂种类和浓度、pH、酶浓度及酶解时间对原生质体得率的影响,并研究再生培养基种类对菌丝再生的影响。[结果]在PDA液体培养基中,以28℃摇床培养3 d的菌丝最适于该菌原生质体制备;用0.5 mol/L KCl配制的含有15 mg/m L的溶壁酶于30℃下酶解3 h,获得原产量最高,达1.18×10~6个/m L;RM1培养基再生率最高,达1.22%。[结论]该研究优化了原生质体制备及菌丝再生条件,为进一步研究烟管菌噬藻分子机制提供理论依据。     

红豆草黑腐病菌菌丝生长和产毒培养条件的优化

从红豆草自然发生的黑腐病病斑上分离得到细链格孢菌(Alternaria tenuis)菌株,对该病菌的菌丝生长及其产毒条件进行了研究。结果表明,病原菌在供试的6种培养液中均能生长并且产毒,但在PSK培养液中生长及产毒最好;在1-19d的培养时间内该病菌均可以生长及产生毒素,而在13 d时菌丝生长量及其产毒能力均达到最大,菌丝生长与产毒能力间显著正相关;该病原菌在5-40℃的范围内均可生长并产生毒素,但菌丝生长的最适温度为25℃,而最适合产毒的温度为15℃;在pH值为3~11的范围内,该病菌均能生长并产毒,而且偏酸性条件有利于菌丝的生长及其毒素的产生,菌丝生长和产毒的最佳pH值分别为4和6。