辣椒夏季品比试验报告

为了考察我公司新推广品种及新配组合在高温伏旱状况下的适应性，我们于2003年5月7日在公司试验基地进行了品种对比试验。结果表明新推广品种中有九个品种或组合为极耐热或耐热，一个品种耐热性稍差。新配组合中部分表现优良，有推广前景。     

热应激对动物生殖机能的影响及其作用机理

温度对动物生殖机能具有重要的影响,本文分别阐述热应激对雌性动物发情、受胎率、胚胎成活率、产仔数以及对雄性动物繁殖性能的影响,并提出了热应激对动物生殖机能影响的可能作用机理。     

漆酚热预聚漆研究（Ⅰ）──漆酚热预聚漆酶催化成膜

为了充分让漆酶在最后催化成膜中发挥作用，将生漆分离出漆酚和粗漆酶后，先将漆酚进行热预聚，再用粗漆酶配制成漆酚热预聚漆。试验结果表明：此法配制出的漆液，不仅能在漆酶催化下成膜，而且具有粗漆酶用量少、干燥性能好的特点。     

加热光纤法同步测定土壤水热参数误差分析

土壤水热参数是研究土壤水热传输的基本物理参数。当前热脉冲探针法（HPP）可同步测定土壤水热参数,但该方法仅限于在点尺度下测定。与其具有相同理论基础的加热光纤法（SPHP-DTS）,可将测定尺度增大至田间千米尺度,但其测定精度尚未得到有效验证。为了探知SPHP-DTS法的误差,本研究进行了SPHP-DTS法与HPP法测定土壤水热参数的对比试验。结果表明,以HPP为标准,加热光纤法测定热导率的精度RMSE为0.13 W?m-1?℃-1。SPHP-DTS法测定的热导率显著高于HPP法,主要原因在于加热光纤时产生的温度效应。通过热导率法测定土壤含水率时,在热导率测定误差的影响下,SPHP-DTS法的测定精度明显低于HPP法。SPHP-DTS法测定土壤水热参数的其他误差来源包括光纤与土壤之间多个界面的接触热阻、光纤的温度敏感性、噪音干扰以及温度梯度驱动下的水分迁移。本研究可为SPHP-DTS法提升土壤水热参数测定精度提供理论参考。     

Kaolin treatment to reduce pomegranate sunburn

The aim of this study was to reduce pomegranate losses due to sunburn in south-western Spain. Summer temperatures may rise above 45 °C, resulting in sunburn damage to the fruits, which may inflict losses of up to 40% of the total yield. Data were obtained in two consecutive years. Surround^® WP, a product comprising processed, refined kaolin, was sprayed over the whole canopy and fruits four times at 2–3-week intervals from mid-June to early August, the first application at 5% and the other three at 2.5%. The resulting white coating significantly reduced fruit and leaf surface temperatures relative to the control by averages of 4.9 and 2.5 °C, respectively. Sunburn damage of fruits was reduced from 21.9% in untreated control to 9.4% in the Surround WP-treated fruits.     

蔬菜耐热综合评价研究进展

对蔬菜耐热性进行评价,是耐热性机制研究和耐热性品种选育的基础.在综述蔬菜耐热性评价的基础、评价方法以及评价指标的基础上,展望了蔬菜耐热性评价的研究方向.     

Sugar concentration in nectar: a quantitative metric of crop attractiveness for refined pollinator risk assessments

Those involved with pollinator risk assessment know that agricultural crops vary in attractiveness to bees. Intuitively, this means that exposure to agricultural pesticides is likely greatest for attractive plants and lowest for unattractive plants. While crop attractiveness in the risk assessment process has been qualitatively remarked on by some authorities, absent is direction on how to refine the process with quantitative metrics of attractiveness. At a high level, attractiveness of crops to bees appears to depend on several key variables, including but not limited to: floral, olfactory, visual and tactile cues; seasonal availability; physical and behavioral characteristics of the bee; plant and nectar rewards. Notwithstanding the complexities and interactions among these variables, sugar content in nectar stands out as a suitable quantitative metric by which to refine pollinator risk assessments for attractiveness. Provided herein is a proposed way to use sugar nectar concentration to adjust the exposure parameter (with what is called a crop attractiveness factor) in the calculation of risk quotients in order to derive crop‐specific tier I assessments. This Perspective is meant to invite discussion on incorporating such changes in the risk assessment process. © 2016 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

辣椒苗期耐热性及其生理生化特性研究

对6个耐热性不同的辣椒品种进行高温处理,计算热害指数,并研究辣椒幼苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶的活性变化,以及丙二醛、脯氨酸的含量变化。结果表明,辛香8号和辛香24号耐热性较强;随着胁迫温度的升高,辣椒叶片中SOD的活性均表现为先上升后下降;POD活性与品种耐热性无明显相关性;MDA含量和脯氨酸含量与胁迫温度呈正相关。SOD活性、PRO和MDA含量变化可以作为辣椒耐热性鉴定的生理指标,而POD活性则不适合用于鉴定辣椒的耐热性。     

辣椒热胁迫及耐热性研究进展

热胁迫已经成为辣椒生产中不可忽视的环境因子.从热胁迫对辣椒生长发育的影响、辣椒耐热性的鉴定及提高辣椒耐热性的措施等方面,对近年来国内外有关辣椒耐热性研究的进展进行了综述,为进一步揭示辣椒耐热机制和提高辣椒耐热性的研究提供思路和参考.热胁迫下辣椒叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Cs)和蒸腾速率持续下降,花粉和花药正常发育受阻,抗氧化系统受到破坏,胞内Ca2+分布异常,激素比例改变,但使用耐热品种可减轻热胁迫的影响.辣椒耐热性的鉴定指标主要包括胁迫类、保护类、光合作用类和生殖类指标等.由于涉及的代谢过程较多,辣椒耐热性需从多方面进行综合评价.提高辣椒耐热性的主要措施有热锻炼、外源化学物质处理、培育耐热品种等,其中培育耐热品种是最经济有效,同时也是对生态环境最友好的方法.     

不同油麦菜品种萌发期耐热指标筛选及耐热性评价

为筛选油麦菜萌发期耐热性的鉴定指标,初步构建耐热性评价体系,为生产上快速筛选耐热的油麦菜品种及提高耐热油麦菜育种效率提供依据,本研究以15个油麦菜品种为试材,以筛选出的35℃高温胁迫条件为基础,通过设置正常和35℃高温2个处理,测定不同油麦菜品种萌发期的7个形态指标,并计算耐热系数;以各指标的耐热系数为基础,利用相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数分析、逐步回归分析、聚类分析等方法对各参试油麦菜品种萌发期的耐热性进行综合评价并对耐热指标进行筛选,并结合各参试油麦菜品种田间耐热性对萌发期的耐热性鉴定结果进行验证。结果表明,35℃高温处理后,不同品种的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、芽根比、芽粗及鲜质量等均显著下降。对这7个单项指标进行多元统计综合评价及相关性分析发现,除芽根比外,其余单项指标耐热性系数之间存在极显著正相关。主成分分析从这7个指标提取出2个相互独立的主成分,可概括参试油麦菜品种萌发期耐热性原始信息量的90.70%。通过隶属函数分析得出耐热性综合评价值(D值),并进行排序得出‘脆香油麦菜’耐热性最强、‘圣美紫油麦菜’耐热性最差。通过聚类分析将15个参试品种分为耐热型、中等耐热...