用于铲刀连接座凹球面的淬火感应器及配用尺寸确定方法

针对淬火感应器及配用尺寸的确定方法，通过采用方铜管制作感应圈的有效感应弧端和导磁体的驱磁作用，解决了感应加热效率提升以及圆环效应的影响问题；采取感应器冷却用水与感应淬火冷却介质合二为一的方法，解决了铲刀连接座凹球面淬火时所需冷却介质的问题；通过分析给出了淬火感应器配用尺寸的确定方法。另外，所述感应器及配用尺寸的确定方法，构思新颖，结构合理，易于制作，且方法简单可行，具有很好的使用价值，并已申报了国家专利。     

Analysis of problems in certain soils of the Kyushu Okinawa region for suitable management

ABSTRACT

Soils in the Kyushu Okinawa region with problematic properties for agriculture were studied and the following findings were obtained. 1) Mahji-soils in Nansei Islands became very hard with desiccation under high-pH conditions; therefore, soil treatments that cause alkalinization such as overliming should be avoided. 2) In contrast to the generally favorable effects of organic matter on the physical properties of soil, the application of manure compost at 100 Mg ha^?1 to Mahji-soils increased the degree of hardening with desiccation. 3) Application of clinker ash (coarse fraction of coal ash) at 10% (wt/wt) mitigated the hardening and shrinkage of Jagaru, a heavy-textured gray soil found on Nansei Island. 4) Non-allophanic surface horizons with strong acidity were widely distributed in the Andosol area of central Kyushu, covering at least 340 km². These horizons showed a relatively large ratio of carbon per Al_p (pyrophosphate extractable aluminum) and high content of allophane, and began forming around 2500 years ago. 5)Some Andosols in Kyushu showed remarkable hardness. They are divided into two types, according to the degree of weathering and hardening characteristics, and the different measures required to improve each type. 6) An experimental method for determining nitrate retention by soils was developed, and factors influencing the nitrate retention of Andosols were elucidated using this method. 7) A method for micromorphological observation of pelletized manure compost (PC) grains was developed. This method revealed that the internal microstructure of PC did not change in 18 months after compost application, whereas the volume of the grains decreased with the formation of voids around them. 8) As an indicator of soil acidity concerning the countermeasure for common scab, pH(KCl) can easily be used instead of exchangeable acidity y_1, which is laborious to determine. The maximally simplified pH(KCl) measurement method can be carried out by farmers in the field.     

奥氏体不锈钢后卡套滚压强化试验研究

根据双卡套的密封机理对前后卡套性能要求的差异，分别对316及lCrl8Ni9Ti两种奥氏体不锈钢材料制成的后卡套锥面部分进行了滚压工艺的试验研究，分析了结果及其影响因素，并从双卡套密封件形成合理面密封的角度，提出了对前后卡套材料性能进行有效控制的措施。     

Effect of drought pretreatment before anthesis and post-anthesis waterlogging on water relation,photosynthesis, and growth of tomatoes

The effect of drought preconditioning before anthesis and post-anthesis waterlogging on water relation, photosynthesis, and growth was studied in tomatoes. Tomatoes were grown in pots and exposed to four treatments, whereby the plants were irrigated to 80% field capacity in T1 (control) and T2, 70% of the control (T3), and 50% of the control (T4). Drought was maintained for 30 days from 14 days after transplanting (DAT), and then the plants under T2, T3, and T4 were subjected to waterlogging at 60 and 80 DAT and lasted for 2 days. The results showed that drought pretreatments induced a decrease in leaf water potential, leaf insertion angle, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate. The stomatal closure and epinasty observed in response to drought pretreatment represented adaptive mechanisms to the followed waterlogging. The soil redox potential, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of un-pretreatment were dramatically decreased by post-anthesis waterlogging; however, T3 was found to effectively enhance tolerance to a waterlogging event by decreasing leaf insertion angle and increasing photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate. Fruit quality and yield were deteriorated considerably by waterlogging. However, T3 caused less damage to fruit quality and yield by post-anthesis waterlogging compared to T2.     

Effect of hardening on frost tolerance and fatty acid composition of leaves and stems of a set of faba bean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicia faba</Emphasis> L.) genotypes

Frost tolerance is a main component of winter-hardiness and improving it would promote faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cropping in cool-temperate regions. In many species, leaf fatty acid composition was found to be related to frost tolerance. The objective of this study was to determine, in a representative sample of genotypes, the effect of hardening on leaf and stem (1) frost tolerance and (2) fatty acid composition, and to seek correlations between them. First leaf, second leaf and stem of 31 faba bean genotypes were analyzed after hardening and without hardening. High frost tolerance of known winter genotypes and several experimental lines was shown. Hardening had a significant, positive effect on frost tolerance of all three organs. Stems were on average more frost tolerant than leaves. Hardening induced significant changes in the fatty acid composition: oleic acid decreased significantly in leaves by 3.24% and in stems by 1.77%, whereas linolenic acid increased in leaves by 6.28% and in stems by 9.06%. In stems, correlations between frost tolerance and fatty acid composition were not significant. Correlation coefficients strongly indicated that non-hardened oleic acid content, changes in oleic acid and in linoleic plus linolenic acid content in leaves partly explained their frost tolerance; 0.347 (P < 0.1) < |r| < 0.543 (P < 0.01). The results corroborate the importance of using genetic differences in the fatty acid metabolism in breeding grain legumes for frost tolerance.     

炼苗期不同基质含水量对辣椒幼苗贮运 质量的影响

为了探究适宜辣椒幼苗贮运的炼苗期基质含水量，研究了炼苗期不同基质相对含水量处理（25%～35%、
40%～50%、55%～65% 和70%～80%）对不同贮藏时间（0、2、4、6 d）下辣椒幼苗主要形态与生理指标变化规律及定植
后幼苗生长恢复能力的影响。结果表明：对于短期（2 d）贮藏而言，炼苗期的适宜基质相对含水量幅度较大（40%～80%）；
对于中期（4 d）和长期（6 d）贮藏，适宜将炼苗期基质相对含水量控制在70%～80%。相关性分析和通径分析结果表明，
适宜评价贮运期间辣椒幼苗质量的单一指标为叶片健全指数，复合指标为茎粗+2.723 真叶叶绿素含量-1.235 地下部干质量。     

Development of Rice “Seed-Mats” Consisting of Hardened Seeds with a Cover of Soil for the Rice Transplanter

Conventional seedling mats for rice transplanters in Japan are heavy to carry, and much labor is required to collect, wash and store the nursery boxes. In addition, seeding time overlaps with the labor peak in spring. To reduce such labor, we developed a “seed-mat” consisting of hardened rice seeds (Oryza sativa L.) glued onto a molded rice-hull mat with a cover of soil glued on. Seed hardening, which is done by soaking seeds in water at 15ºC for 5 d followed by drying, and heating of the seeds at 50ºC for 5 or 7 d, reduced the time to 50% germination (T₅₀). In dormant seeds, the heating before the hardening enhanced the effect of the hardening more than the heating after the hardening. Seed hardening increased the dry weight of the shoots from the seed-mats. Covering the mat with soil also increased the percentage of seedling emergence, shoot length, number of leaves and shoot dry weight of the seed-mats. The hardened seeds maintained short T₅₀ and 95% or higher germination for 120 d at room temperature. In the seed-mat, the hardened seeds maintained 95% or higher seedling emergence for 208 d. In conclusion, superior seed-mats could be produced using the procedure involving both seed hardening and cover of soil. The seed-mats can be prepared in winter and stored until seedling-raising period in spring. By the seed-mats, seedling mats can be prepared for the rice transplanter without using nursery boxes, which take up storage space and require much labor.     

中央传动轴表面淬火的研究

本文对不同热处理的手扶拖拉机中央传动轴的机械性能、淬硬层深度和显微组织作了研究。结果表明,当最终热处理由原来的高频感应加热淬火改为中频感应加热淬火时,能在不改变材料和大小的情况下,提高抗扭强度和抗弯强度,从而满足了发动机功率提高20％的使用要求。     

酸甜青椒罐头工艺研究

以海南产青椒为试材,对原料进行切分、漂烫、护绿、硬化、配汤汁、装罐、杀菌等工序参数的研究.结果表明,较佳护绿条件为:0.17%的NaHCO3和3%的NaCl混合液中漂烫10 s,再在0.2%的NaHCO3溶液中冷浸2～3 min;最适硬化条件为:0.2%的CaCl2溶液中浸泡20 min;通过L9(34)正交试验得出最适的汤汁配比为:16%的白砂糖,1.3%的柠檬酸和2.0%的食盐;最后经沸水杀菌15 min可生产出风味较佳的酸甜青椒罐头.     

洋桔梗组培苗炼苗研究

[目的]建立高效而稳定的洋桔梗组培苗炼苗技术。[方法]以洋桔梗带芽茎段离体培养的组培苗为供试材料,在不同基质、温度和幼苗根长条件下开展组培苗的成活率、根系和茎叶生长研究。[结果]洋桔梗组培苗炼苗的最适基质为草炭土∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶2∶1(V∶V),最适温度为25℃,最适的根长为4.0 cm。[结论]该研究为建立高效而稳定的洋桔梗组培苗的炼苗和移栽技术提供了基础资料。