盐生植物盐穗木HcPS_H基因大肠杆菌表达载体的构建

[目的]构建盐穗木HcPS_H基因的大肠杆菌表达载体。[方法]以质粒pGEM-T-HcPS_H为模板,HcPS_H-pET28a-F、HcPS_H-pET28a-R为引物进行PCR扩增,获得两端含酶切位点的HcPS_H基因目的片段。将该目的片段与大肠杆菌表达载体pET-28a通过T4DNA连接酶连接,并转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)DH5α,得到重组子克隆,抽质粒进行测序鉴定。[结果]扩增出HcPS_H基因片段长度为441 bp,将其连接到大肠杆菌表达载体pET-28a上后,得到重组子质粒,经PCR检测、双酶切验证及测序鉴定,表明成功构建原核表达载体。[结论]该研究成功构建了盐穗木HcPS_H基因的大肠杆菌表达载体,为进一步进行该基因功能的研究奠定了基础。     

Salt Separation Processes in the Saltcedar Tamarix ramosissima (Ledeb.)

Salt cedars (Tamarix) are invasive halophytic species and heavy water consumers. However, Tamarix possesses interesting characteristics accounting for its opportunistic and resilient abilities: analogous to a miniature photodesalinization machine, it thrives on saline soils toxic to most plants. Here we observe, document, and reveal the salt separation process of T. ramosissima. Specimens were cultivated under controlled artificial conditions, then analyzed by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Tamarix ramosissima is shown to produce varied morphologies of salt crystal aggregates from vesiculated trichomes and possess the ability to separate anions and cations. Sodium chloride, potassium chloride (KCl), and potassium sodium sulfate [K_2.25Na_1.75(SO₄)₂] were major exuded salt crystal phases, with smaller quantities of other phases present. Compositions of crystals exuded by individual plants were consistent with compositions of the soils they grew on. Although T. ramosissima may be an invasive nuisance, it may possess other worthwhile attributes such as the potential to be a viable phytoremediator and environmental indicator.     

Restoration of saline land by halophytes for Indian soils

Usually saline soils were reclamized by chemical or mechanical remediation, since the cost of leaching technique for saline soil reclamation is higher in India. In the present study an attempt has been made to investigate to identify the fast and luxuriantly growing halophytic herbs which are salt accumulators and to assess the feasibility of salt bioaccumulation. From the results it is concluded that among six species studied Suaeda maritima and Sesuvium portulacastrum exhibited greater accumulation of salts in their tissues as well as higher reduction of salts in the soil medium.     

Effect of desert plant ecophysiological adaptation on soil nematode communities

Nutrient source limitation in desert ecosystems enhances competition among plant communities, leading to creation of microhabitats beneath the shrubs that can determine composition and abundance of soil organisms. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of plant ecophysiological adaptation on soil nematode communities in the rhizosphere of tightly interweaving shrubby communities. Soil samples were collected monthly under the canopies of three perennial desert shrubs: Artemesia herba-alba, possessing the allelopathic ability to dominate in relationships with other plants; Reaumuria negevensis, a salt-resistant plant; and Noea mucronata, a typical dry desert shrub. An inter-plant area was used as a control. The results demonstrated that soil water content (SWC) and total organic carbon (C_org) were significantly different under different plants and inter-plant areas, with the highest values found under R. negevensis (SWC) and N. mucronata and R. negevensis (C_org). Plant parasite and omnivore-predator nematodes were more sensitive to the ecophysiological individual features of observed plants versus the total number of nematodes and bacteria- and fungi-feeding nematodes. Generally accepted ecological indices such as Wasilewska (WI), trophic diversity (T), maturity (MI, MMI), basal (BI), enrichment (EI), structure (SI), and channel (CI), pointed to specific ecological conditions under canopies of the observed plants.     

山东省东营市耐盐植物资源及开发利用

东营市有盐渍化土壤面积44.29万hm^2,盐生植物种类200多种。介绍了东营市的主要耐盐植物种类,有耐盐药用植物、耐盐蔬菜、耐盐绿化树木、耐盐工业用原料、饲料及饲料添加剂等,并且对耐盐植物的开发及利用进行了分析。     

天津滨海地区的盐生植物与盐生植被景观

天津滨海地区具有丰富的盐生植物资源,对其所构成的盐生植被的研究不仅有利于资源的保护,而且有利于滨海盐碱地改良与植被景观的可持续利用。本文在滨海自然盐生植物资源调查的基础上,归纳了滨海盐生植物多样性组成,分析了典型盐生植被景观的构成及特征。结果显示:本区盐生植物约22科,40余种;典型盐生植被景观有盐生荒漠景观、盐生沼泽景观、盐生灌丛景观和盐生草甸景观;最后提出保护与保留典型盐生植被景观、开展盐生植被演替过程的研究以及丰富木本耐盐植物的建议。     

SALINITY-HEAVY METAL INTERACTIONS IN FOUR SALT-TOLERANT PLANT SPECIES

The concurrent effect of NaCl salinity and heavy metals [cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni)] on growth, sodium (Na), and heavy metal accumulation was assessed in four salt tolerant plant species. These were: barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), Inula crithmoides L., and Plantago coronopus L., all of which have documented potential for use in saline agriculture. Plants were grown in perlite and irrigated with salinized and non-salinized nutrient solutions (9 dS m^?1 and 18 dS m^?1) containing 2 ppm Cd, 4 ppm Cr, 10 ppm Ni, and a non-metal control. Salinity, Cd, and Ni caused a significant decrease in the dry biomass accumulation of P. oleracea, but had no effects on other plant species. Sodium accumulation was highest in P. coronopus and I. crithmoides, indicating pronounced halophytic properties. The presence of heavy metals reduced Na accumulation in H. vulgare and P. oleracea, but had no effect on P. coronopus and I. crithmoides, indicating that the Na-heavy metal interaction is plant-specific. Metal accumulation in the four plant species was generally enhanced by the 9 dS m^?1 treatment, but not by the 18 dS m^?1 treatment. This could indicate the presence of an ionic exclusion mechanism operating at high salinity levels that would operate indiscriminately on Na as well as on Cd, Cr, and Ni     

A survey of chemical and nutritional characteristics of halophytes plants used by camels in Southern Tunisia

The camel (Camelus dromedarius) is well adapted to the utilization of vegetation of low nutritional value in its natural habitat zone, thanks to its aptitude to vary food and to search plants that are rich in water content and that can make up for its nutritional deficits, particularly as concerns mineral elements. Therefore, a survey was carried out to determine camels pasture quality, dietary preference and to characterize the chemical characteristics and nutritional value of different halophytes plants in a region of Southern Tunisia during spring season. Laboratory analysis were conducted on fourteen vegetable species appertained to seven different botanical families: Chenopodiaceae, Graminaceae, Tamaricaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Asteraceae, Frankeniaceae and Plumbaginaceae. Data obtained indicate an high variability of nutritional content of halophytes plants preferred by camels, specially for dry matter, crude protein, fiber fractions, ash and mineral elements.     

Microbial biomass reflects a nitrogen and phosphorous economy of halophytes grown in salty desert soil

Seasonal variations in soil salinity were recorded under the canopy of two halophyte shrubs typical of the hot, dry Negev desert, Zygophyllum dumosum and Reaumuria negevensis. The effects of the fluctuating soil salinity levels on total soluble N and on microbial biomass N and P were also monitored. The microhabitat of the shrubs showed differences in trend and magnitude of soil mineral N, the NO _inf3 ^sup- :NH ₄ ⁺ ratio, and microbial N and P. The trends were assumed to be governed by the various mechanisms operating in the shrubs in order to survive salty environments. Data from the current study are discussed in terms of the assumption that the halophyte has developed ecophysiological strategies that force microbial communities coexisting in its microhabitat towards adaptation aimed at withstanding a fluctuating environment, and hence towards a beneficial plant-microorganism relationship.     

暗管改碱技术试验区不同生境盐生植物资源及其群落特征

盐生植物群落的空间格局因受土壤盐碱化的影响而呈现一定的地域性差异,其群落特征及分布对土壤盐碱化程度具有良好的指示作用。研究盐碱地区盐生植物群落特征及其分布规律,对补充和完善土壤盐碱化程度的检测和评估方法及当地盐碱地的改良和生态环境治理均具有一定的指导意义。本文以河北沧州黄骅市暗管改碱技术试验区为例,采用五点取样法分别对地下埋设暗管的荒地、夏季休耕地和未埋设暗管的荒地、夏季休耕地4种生境的植被进行调查,并采用聚类分析方法和Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson指数等分析4种生境下盐生植物资源及其群落特征。结果表明,被调查的20个样方内共有植物8科17属19种,均为草本植物,划分为5种植物群落类型。地下埋设暗管后,抗盐能力相对较低的假盐生植物和非盐生植物逐渐替代真盐生植物,成为荒地和夏季休耕地植物群落的优势种。并且地下埋设暗管的荒地和夏季休耕地物种多样性指数和均匀度指数均高于未埋设暗管的荒地和夏季休耕地。由此可见,暗管改碱技术的实施能在一定程度上降低土壤盐渍化程度,有利于保护和提高植物物种多样性,对盐碱地生态环境质量的改善具有重要意义,建议对其进行进一步研究及推广应用。