云南醉鱼草属(Buddleja L.) 观赏植物资源的调查研究

 在对云南分布的醉鱼草属观赏资源系统调查和资料整理的基础上, 研究了该属植物在云南的地理分布规律及25 种(包括变种) 醉鱼草的观赏性状, 包括花、叶、香气等观赏特征及其开花期, 指出开发利用面对的问题和应采取的措施。     

云南金丝桃属植物资源的调查研究

 通过对云南分布的金丝桃属植物资源系统调查和资料整理，研究了该属植物在云南的地理分布及24种金丝桃的观赏性状及其资源状况，提出其持续合理开发利用的建议及措施。     

烟属野生种主要植物学性状及黑胫病抗性评价

鉴定了烟属植物野生种生育期等植物学性状特性,评价了供试材料对黑胫病(0号及1号生理小种)的抗性,为开展远缘杂交花期相遇及亲本选配提供了基础数据。在玻璃温室内,本研究针对66份烟属植物野生种的生育期等7个植物学性状的调查,检测了烟碱及钾含量,并对黑胫病(0号及1号生理小种)抗性进行了评价。结果表明:供试材料播种到开花时间(DF)为35.00~357.00 d,平均121.67 d;种子千粒重(TSW)为0.02~0.20 g,平均0.09 g;株高(PH)为11.20~292.75 cm,平均119.19 cm;花冠长度(CL)为1.22~11.50 cm,平均3.98 cm;花冠直径(CD)0.67~7.80 cm,平均2.37 cm;最大叶长(MLL)为6.79~61.15 cm,平均25.17 cm;最大叶宽(MLW)为0.65~35.51 cm,平均11.84 cm。烟碱含量为0.03%~1.81%,平均0.34%;钾含量为0.32%~7.11%,平均3.56%。筛选到N.alata PI42334等11份资源同时抗黑胫病0及1号生理小种。     

Identification of Rosellinia species as producers of cyclodepsipeptide PF1022 A and resurrection of the genus Dematophora as inferred from polythetic taxonomy

Rosellinia (Xylariaceae) is a large, cosmopolitan genus comprising over 130 species that have been defined based mainly on the morphology of their sexual morphs. The genus comprises both lignicolous and saprotrophic species that are frequently isolated as endophytes from healthy host plants, and important plant pathogens. In order to evaluate the utility of molecular phylogeny and secondary metabolite profiling to achieve a better basis for their classification, a set of strains was selected for a multi-locus phylogeny inferred from a combination of the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear rDNA, beta-tubulin (TUB2) and the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (RPB2). Concurrently, various strains were surveyed for production of secondary metabolites. Metabolite profiling relied on methods with high performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD/MS) as well as preparative isolation of the major components after re-fermentation followed by structure elucidation using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Two new and nine known isopimarane diterpenoids were identified during our mycochemical studies of two selected Dematophora strains and the metabolites were tested for biological activity. In addition, the nematicidal cyclodepsipeptide PF1022 A was purified and identified from a culture of Rosellinia corticium, which is the first time that this endophyte-derived drug precursor has been identified unambiguously from an ascospore-derived isolate of a Rosellinia species. While the results of this first HPLC profiling were largely inconclusive regarding the utility of secondary metabolites as genus-specific chemotaxonomic markers, the phylogeny clearly showed that species featuring a dematophora-like asexual morph were included in a well-defined clade, for which the genus Dematophora is resurrected. Dematophora now comprises all previously known important plant pathogens in the genus such as D. arcuata, D. bunodes, D. necatrix and D. pepo, while Rosellinia s. str. comprises those species that are known to have a geniculosporium-like or nodulisporium-like asexual morph, or where the asexual morph remains unknown. The extensive morphological studies of L.E. Petrini served as a basis to transfer several further species from Rosellinia to Dematophora, based on the morphology of their asexual morphs. However, most species of Rosellinia and allies still need to be recollected in fresh state, cultured, and studied for their morphology and their phylogenetic affinities before the infrageneric relationships can be clarified.     

油用山茶属植物育种与利用研究进展

山茶油是我国南方地区特有的木本油料树种,有非常悠久的栽培历史.文章综述了油用山茶属植物良种选育的研究现状,包括常规育种、杂交育种及分子辅助育种,并对油茶的营养成分、油茶油的加工工艺和油茶副产品的综合利用的现状作了概述.最后展望了非食用山茶植物油作为生物能源开发的前景.     

落羽杉中山杉系列新品种选育初报

报道了落羽杉属(Taxodium)中山杉系列‘Zhongshansha’杂交新品种选育结果。以经国家林木良种审定委员会审定推广的优良品种中山杉302‘Zhongshansha302’为母本,与父本墨西哥落羽杉(T.mucronatum)回交,获得回交代杂种200个以上。通过苗期实生初选和无性系复选以及不同立地的栽植试验,初选出优于或相似于亲本中山杉302的系列新品种中山杉1号、9号、24号、27号、46号、86号、91号、102号、118号、136号、146号、149号等12个。其中中山杉1号、24号、27号、86号、102号、118号、136号、146号具有一定的耐盐碱能力,可在池杉(T.ascen-dens)、落羽杉(T.distichum)不宜栽植的盐碱地上绿化造林。     

我国麻黄属的分类问题

本文对我国麻黄属植物进行了分类整理,计有2组15种2变种1变型。其中增补了国内原有12种4变种的记载,同时对易于混淆的种进行了讨论。     

中国黄山苦竹一新变型

本文发表了中国黄山产苦竹一新变型：花秆苦竹Ｐｌｅｉｏｂｌａｓｔｕｓａｍａｒｕｓ（ｋｅｎｇ）ｋｅｎｇｆ．ｆ．ｈｕａｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓＣ．Ｌ．Ｈｕａｎｇ，ｆ．ｎｏｖ．     

四川省竹类引种的研究

本文报导四川竹类引种的概况,作者曾同有关人员自7省引入竹种20属、130种。其中:省外、国外10属、56种。在四川省林科院成都林业试验场,作栽培驯化试验后,又引至灌县、长宁、纳溪等县栽培的生长调查数据;并按在我国引种10个县(市)的7个气候因子,运用因子分析方法,作气候区划。再结合四川省的地形地势、地质、土壤、气候、植被、竹类分布和竹子引种成效,作竹类引种初步区划,提出区划为4个竹类引种分区意见,以便分别制定适宜的引种栽培措施,使竹类生长适合本地的生态环境,为进一步发展竹类资源,提供科学依据。     

玉米与玉米近缘种可杂交性研究

本文对玉米与其近缘种及它们的杂交或回交后代的可杂交性进行了研究。结果表明，玉米近缘种的多数材料都能与玉米杂交结实，它们的杂种F1均表现出强的杂种优势和光敏反应；远缘杂交亲和性的母本效应较大，且与物种间遗传距离直接相关。此外，还对玉米近缘材料在玉米遗传育种中的应用进行了探讨。