苹果梨花芽孕育期生长锥细胞超微结构的观察

利用透射电镜对苹果梨花芽孕育期芽内生长锥细胞进行了观察，结果显示，在花芽孕育形成的过程中，生长锥细胞的超微结构发生了一系列变化：蛋白体和脂类小滴逐渐增加；核外膜向外延伸到胞质中与内质网相连，其上分布的核糖体增多；线粒体和内质网数目丰富且分布均匀；核糖体大量游散在胞质中；质体呈浅裂，中央缢缩；微管分布于靠近质膜处等。以上超微结构的变化表现出细胞旺盛分裂和分化的特点，反映了花芽孕育过程中的细胞学特征。     

Identification of a Long Rice Spikelet Mutant

A spontaneously occurring rice (Oryza sativa L. ) mutant, characterized by homeotic conversion in glumes and stamens, was found in the progeny of a cross. The mutant showed long glumes and glumaceous lodicules and morphological transformation of stamens into pistils. Mutant florets consisted of 1 to 3 completely developed pistils, some pistilloid stamens with filaments, but tipped by bulged tissue and 0 to 3 stigmas. It seens that the mutant phenotype of the homeotic conversions in glumes and stamens is similar to that of the B loss-of-function mutants in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum. The mutant is controlled by a single recessive gene as a segregation ratio of 3:1 (wild type to mutant plants) was observed in the F2 generation.     

菱传粉生物学研究

以6 个菱品种为试材，对花器形态特征、群体花期及单花开花动态、开花时间、柱头可授性、花粉活力、杂交指数 及传粉形式等进行观察测定。结果表明：菱花单生，两性，单花花期15 h，群体花期在5～10 月，盛花期在7～8 月；不同 品种在一天中的开花高峰期存在差异；柱头可授期主要在萼片开裂后2 h 内，结实率在50% 以上；花粉在自然授粉条件下活 力可保持7.5 h；以自花授粉为主，同时存在一定程度的无融合生殖和少量异花授粉。     

丽江牡丹不同品种的生物学特性及耐水淹胁迫能力

对丽江紫、丽江粉和香玉板3个丽江牡丹品种的物候、枝条生长量及成花率进行了观测分析,结果表明:3个品种在物候特征方面差异较大,香玉板的生长发育节律和中原牡丹相似性较高,丽江紫的物候晚于中原牡丹品种,丽江粉则早于中原牡丹品种;香玉板枝条生长量达42.9cm,丽江紫和丽江粉分别达32.3、30.1cm,在丽江地区,丽江紫、丽江粉和香玉板的枝条实存率约为42%~53%,33%~46%和38%~52%。从生殖发育的特点看,香玉板与中原牡丹同属枝叶同放型,成花率和开花率高,而丽江紫和丽江粉花蕾有败育现象,花蕾发育晚于叶。在品种抗水淹能力评价方面,运用NR活性、RPP的变化和叶绿素总量下降率指标进行分析,结果表明:丽江紫抗水淹力最强,丽江粉次之,香玉板抗水淹能力较差。     

Early flower initiation allows ample manipulation of flowering time in cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.)

Flower initiation date and readiness to flowering in buds of different age were studied in ‘Fino de Jete’ cherimoya (Annona cherimola) cultivar in order to establish the limits for the manipulation of its flowering date. Flower initiation was analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) collecting axillary buds from May to the following February, whereas the bud readiness to produce perfect flowers was determined by forcing buds of different age to sprout by means of leaf removal and tipping the new growth. SEM images confirm that cherimoya buds are differentiated into flowers almost a year before blooming. In this regard, axillary buds have already formed the sepals when the subtending leaf has just begun unfolding (week 0), while the petals are clearly visible in 1-week-old buds. Sectioning of paraffin-embedded buds illustrate that cherimoya buds are in fact a bud complex that 1 week after its inception comprises 4–5 buds of different size of which the two largest ones are reproductive, while the 2–3 smallest buds often remain undifferentiated at that time. The high capacity of flowering expressed by young buds that have been forced to grow proves that cherimoya meristems are early competent for flowering. No differences in fertility or in the time needed to reach anthesis after leaf removal were found among buds of different ages. Node position had no effect on bud break and flowering potential. The early flower initiation in cherimoya deduced from this work opens a wide temporal window for the experimental manipulation of flowering and harvest dates in this crop.     

春兰AGL6基因的克隆及实时定量表达分析

本研究采用RT-PCR结合RACE技术从春兰(Cymbidium goeringii)中分离到一个AGL6基因。序列分析表明,该基因含有一个729bp长的开放阅读框(ORF),共编码242个氨基酸。系统进化树分析显示,该基因属于MADS-box基因家族AP1/AGL9组的AGL6同源基因,其编码的蛋白与其它植物AGL6类蛋白具有较高的同源性,命名为CgAGL6(基因登录号为HM208533)。实时荧光定量表达分析表明,CgAGL6基因春兰不同组织中均有表达,其中在唇瓣、花芽和子房中的表达量较高,在花瓣和萼片中的表达量次之,在根、叶和蕊柱中的表达量最低,显示了CgAGL6基因可能在春兰成花转变和花器官的形成过程中起着重要作用。     

文冠果花性状多尺度分析

针对文冠果新品种鉴定确立DUS性状指标体系与判别方法的需要,以白花、红花两种遗传类型的花性状为研究对象,选择两个地区作对比,从多尺度分析了9个花朵性状、9个花序性状的差异性和相关关系。性状差异性分析结果表明,花序性状比花朵性状稳定,白花花朵性状比红花花朵性状稳定;花性状的遗传变异大于在尺度上的变异;花性状的变异程度随着尺度的增大而降低,即由大到小的排序为单花尺度、花序尺度、植株尺度、区域尺度。性状相关性分析结果表明,白花性状间相关性大于红花的;花朵尺度性状间相关性大于花序尺度的;北京花朵尺度性状间相关性大于辽宁的,辽宁花序尺度性状间相关性大于北京的。首次建立了花冠面积与花瓣长、花瓣宽的二元指数估计模型;建立了花序质量与花序基径、花序长的一元指数估计模型,花序质量与花序基径、花序长和花序宽的三元指数估计模型,给出的模型可用于性状评价、选优、可塑性研究等,为文冠果种质资源鉴别、分类和多目标选育优良品系与品种鉴定提供依据。     

脑心肌炎病毒多聚蛋白编码区起始与终止区的密码子使用模式简

文中利用特定区域密码子使用偏嗜性对数公式分析了脑心肌炎病毒（Encephalomyocarditis virus,EMCV）多聚蛋白编码基因的翻译起始区域与翻译终止区域的密码子使用模式.结果表明,EMCV多聚蛋白编码区内翻译起始序列区的同义密码子使用偏嗜性的正负偏差总体是平衡的,但几种在整体多聚蛋白质编码区域内使用为负偏嗜的稀有密码子却倾向于出现于编码起始区和终止区.这一有趣的现象,可利用“稀有密码子调控假说”来解释为EMCV开放阅读框两端的稀有密码子偏好性使用对整体阅读框的表达具有负调控作用.该研究说明“稀有密码子调控假说”不仅适用于细菌,而且也适用于一些RNA病毒基因组.