红肉脐橙(Citrus sinensis L.)果肉中特征色素提取方法探索

红肉脐橙是目前为止惟一果肉呈粉红色或红色的脐橙,其呈色色素尚未见报道。为深入研究其果肉中特征色素的构成及在果实生长发育和贮存过程中色素含量的变化,本研究在对该色素初步定性的基础上对提取方法进行了探索。在分析红肉脐橙果肉中色素萃取液的紫外可见吸收光谱时发现,该色素有类胡萝卜素的特征吸收峰,将萃取液进行薄层层析则进一步证实其内含有番茄红素。在色素提取的前处理方式上,本研究认为冷冻干燥样品的浸提效果较真空干燥的样品稳定(变异系数小),且浸提率相差无几,所以选择冷冻干燥作为合适的样品前处理方式。色素浸提条件的正交实验结果表明,最佳浸提条件为50℃、1.5h内浸提4次,浸提的料液比为1:60。此外,浸提温度、浸提时间、浸提料液比和浸提次数对浸提率都有显著影响,影响最大的因素是浸提温度,最佳温度为50℃,随温度降低浸提率显著降低。其次是侵提时间的长短,最佳浸提时间为1.5h,延长或缩短0.5h都会使浸提率下降。浸提次数对浸提率的影响是最小的。     

Uniformity of soil test results as influenced by volume weight

Abstract

Samples of four soils having a wide range of volume weights (0.65, 1.02, 1.25, 1.62 g/cm³) were either weighed or measured by volume and extracted with: (a) the Bray P₁ extractant, (b) the Mehlich double acid extractant for P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn and (c) neutral N NH₄OAc for K, Ca, Mg all at a soil/extracting solution ratio of 1:10. The soil test results were recorded on a volume basis in mg/dm³ and on a weight basis in mg/kg.

The test values for all macronutrients obtained with all extractants decreased, relative to a constant volume, with increasing VW of soil when analyzed and expressed on a weight basis. Results based on the use of a volume sample (scooped) but calculated on an assumed weight of soil changed the values in direct ratio of 1/assumed VW. The use of an assumed VW has no justification, since uniform soil test results can be obtained when expressed on a volume basis by either using a scooped sample of known volume or a weighed sample followed by multiplication with the VW of each soil.     

用酸水解法从南瓜中提取果胶的研究

研究了用酸水解法从南瓜中提取果胶的工艺,并就影响果胶得率的几个主要因素进行了实验,确定了提取果胶的最佳工艺条件为:提取液pH值2.0,提取温度100℃,提取时间90min,沉淀剂乙醇的浓度70%。     

夏秋绿茶锰含量及浸出率研究

对福鼎和槠叶齐夏秋绿茶的锰含量及锰的浸出率进行研究,结果表明夏秋绿茶锰含量范围1876.8~2337.4mg/kg,福鼎和槠叶齐锰含量变化趋势基本一致,以8月底锰含量最高,7月初和9月中旬较低;两品种锰浸出率范围35.3%~42.7%,以槠叶齐较高,福鼎较低,两品种浸出率随时间的变化趋势为:槠叶齐随时间的推移锰浸出率降低,福鼎随时间的推移锰浸出率升高。     

提取菲醌方法研究

采用先处理酸碱深性杂质，改进了亚硫酸氢钠提取方法，产率由７０．４提高到７８．９％，将菲醌与亚硫酸氢钠物质的量比由１：７．０缩小到１：１．８，为降低成本提供了实验依据。     

基于无损伤取脂的辽西油松资源开发利用策略

通过对辽西油松资源状况及开发利用难点的分析,得出传统取脂方式对油松林的损伤,会严重破坏辽西生态环境,因此传统方式完全不适合辽西油松资源的开发利用。无损伤取脂开发利用策略,不但可以很好地解决辽西油松开发利用的难点,还可以有力地带动辽西油松荒山育林工程。因此无损伤取脂是辽西油松资源开发利用的最佳策略。     

库拉索芦荟凝胶液的提取工艺研究

以美国库拉索芦荟为原料,分别采用鲜榨汁法、冷榨汁法、超声波破碎法和酶法提取芦荟凝胶液,并分析了凝胶液的活性成分及其稳定性,结果表明:采取不同提取工艺获得的凝胶液功效成分差异明显。酶法提取获得的凝胶液出汁率高,多糖、蛋白质、有机酸及过氧化物酶含量较高,是制备高档芦荟凝胶液的最佳选择;而超声波破碎法所获得的芦荟凝胶液稳定性最好。另外,还探讨了芦荟综合利用的相关工艺,提出针对不同的应用领域应采取相应的提取工艺。     

组培枣苗基因组DNA提取方法及其含量的比较

本文以组培二倍体木枣、四倍体变异苗和二倍体京枣苗为供试材料,采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和紫外分光光度检测技术,研究了不同提取方法对其叶片基因组DNA的提取效果。结果表明,CTAB法提取枣叶片DNA的效果优于SDS法,表现为蛋白质杂质干扰少,DNA结构完整、纯度与得率高;用不同方法提取的样液中DNA片段的大小和分布是不同的,以改进的CTAB法提取的样液中大片段的DNA分子较多,所以在其底部分布较多,而用SDS法提取的样液中小片段的DNA分子较多,故在其上部分布较多;电泳时不同的加样量获得的DNA带也有较大差异,试验选出CTAB法提取样液的适宜的加样量为5μL（7.485μg）,SDS法提取样液的适宜的加样量为4μL（5.988μg）;枣品种间DNA的含量明显不同,木枣四倍体的DNA含量（3.074μg/μL）相当于组培木枣二倍体（1.497μg/μL）的2倍,也明显地高于京枣二倍体（2.182μg/μL）。这些结果为枣树遗传种质资源的研究奠定了一定的科学与技术基础。     

鱼类血液基因组DNA提取方法优化

The genomic DNA extracted from frozen whole blood of rainbow trout with methods of chloroform-potassium acetate, rapid genomic DNA extraction （RGDE） , improved RGDE, traditional phenol-chloroform and DNA reagent kit respectively, and detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that mothode of improved RGDE can obtain better genomie DNA of fish. Then, the effect of extracting with improved RGDE methods were compared by ultraviolet spectrophotometric method with other mothods such as traditional phenol-chloroform from blood or muscle and DNA reagent kit from blood. The results showed that the average concentration of DNA extracted with method improved RGDE was 1 050 ng/μL, and was very significant higher than that by DNA kit or by phenol- chloroform, and the average output of DNA was 1 575μg/mL, and the rate of A260/A280 was between 1.65 - 1.97. It only spent 2 hours to extract DNA with the method of improved RGDE, and there were many obvious merits such as quick speed, low cost, no pollution and no using specific installations and so on, and to amplify by random primers, the rusuhs was stable,and the electrophoresis banding was clear.     

木薯叶提取液制备及其对甲鱼生长的影响

本研究优化了木薯叶提取液制备的条件,并且检测该提取液对甲鱼生长性能、血液化学指标的影响。试验首先对提取木薯叶的溶剂提取法进行工艺优化,确定最优提取条件,包括：溶剂浓度、料液比、提取温度、提取时间4个因素。其次将提取液经处理后加入甲鱼饲料中,通过分析检测甲鱼存活率、生长性能、饲料转化性能、机体营养组成、血液生化及免疫能力指标,来确定其对甲鱼生长的影响。试验结果表明,木薯叶提取制备的最优工艺为：乙醇浓度50％,料液比（mL/g)40 ∶ 1,提取温度70 ℃,提取时间2 h;通过对甲鱼饲养的研究,表明饲料中添加木薯叶提取液能提高甲鱼的生长速度,降低饲料系数,并能降低甲鱼机体内血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯水平,以及降低血清丙二醛含量,从而提高了甲鱼的糖代谢、脂肪代谢和免疫能力。因此,本研究不仅首次将木薯叶提取液作为添加剂加入甲鱼饲料,同时也为木薯叶提取液作为天然低毒的饲料添加剂提供了理论依据。