Seasonal variation in pigmentation and anthocyanidin phenetics in commercial Eustoma flowers

The seasonal change in petal color and pigmentation of 29 commercial Eustoma cultivars was studied. The flowers are basically divided into four groups according to the major anthocyanidin phenotype in association with petal coloration, i.e., delphinidin (Dp)-based (purple flower), cyanidin (Cy)-based (reddish purple flower), pelargonidin (Pg)-based (pink flower), and none (white flower) groups. The constitution of petal anthocyanidins was not changed by forcing treatment in most of the flowers. Lightness (L^*) and chroma (C^*, color saturation) showed a change along with the increase/decrease of hue angle difference (ΔH^*), thus simultaneously the chromatic tonalities tended to move to redder and bluer, respectively. Floral pigment clustering described two flower groups in a dendrogram, based on anthocyanidin constitutions as phenetic markers, which are apparently the Dp- and Pg-based phenotypes of anthocyanidin syntheses. The Cy-based flowers made a subcluster with the Pg-based flowers, indicating a close relationship in the biosynthesis of the two anthocyanidins, and suggesting the Dp- and Pg-syntheses complement one another.     

菊花花粉生活力及瓶插授粉研究

为研究菊花花粉的生活力及其对室内瓶插杂交结实率的影响,用1%醋酸洋红染色法检测了10个菊花品种花粉的生活力。结果显示,菊花花粉生活力为70.8%~97.6%,不同品种间有一定的差异。同一个花序,外围管状花的花粉生活力比中心的高,而同一天内的花粉生活力随取样时间的不同也发生变化。花粉在4℃的冰箱内贮藏15 d后,花粉生活力平均降低了16.45个百分点。选取4个菊花品种间2个正反杂交组合进行室内瓶插授粉后,不同组合间结实率有很大差异。试验结果还表明,醋酸洋红染色法可以用来检测菊花花粉的生活力,菊花花粉生活力与杂交结实率并非简单的正相关关系。     

氮磷钾对桔梗干物质积累及桔梗皂苷D含量的影响

采用3因素3水平的盆栽正交试验研究了不同浓度N(7.5、15、30 mmol L-1)、P(0.5、2、4 mmol L-1)和K(3、6、18 mmol L-1)营养液配比对桔梗干物质积累、养分吸收利用及桔梗皂苷D含量的影响。结果表明:在N_3、P_2、K_2水平处理下桔梗叶片光和色素含量及净光合速率各自达到最大值。随着栽培时间的延长,桔梗根部干物质及N、P、K积累量逐步增加,桔梗皂苷D含量则先下降后上升,但均在10月份显著升高。N、P、K肥对桔梗干物质积累及桔梗皂苷D含量的影响顺序为氮肥钾肥磷肥。10月收获时,分别在N_2、P_2、K_2水平处理下,桔梗根部干物质积累量及桔梗皂苷D含量最大。全生育期内桔梗植株对N、P、K的吸收量为101.93、86.24、158.10 mg plant-1。且春夏季N、P、K营养在桔梗地上部分高于地下部分,而秋季营养物质向根部集中。结论:桔梗植株全生育期内对氮、钾肥需求较多,且氮肥对桔梗的生长影响最大,每生产100 kg桔梗干物质需N、P_2O_5、K_2O的比例为1∶0.90∶1.27。     

地被菊花幼苗耐旱性评价方法研究

 选用地被菊品种White Snow 10叶龄扦插生根幼苗进行自然失水胁迫和PEG胁迫处理。划分了不同处理萎蔫指数，测定了鲜样质量保持率、叶片水势、叶片溶质渗透势、丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性。结果表明，萎蔫指数划分的主要形态特征因胁迫方法而异。自然失水胁迫8 h为幼苗恢复极限；在恢复极限内复水，幼苗鲜样质量保持率、叶片水势、MDA含量和SOD以及CAT活性的变化规律显著。20％PEG胁迫4 h为恢复极限；复水期间的鲜样质量保持率、叶片溶质渗透势、MDA含量和SOD活性的变化规律显著。综合上述，这2种方法都可以用于地被菊花幼苗耐旱性快速评价；不同的胁迫处理方式可利用的水分状况和生理指标存在一定的差异。     

桔梗叶斑病病原细菌的鉴定

2000-2001年在江苏、浙江、安徽等地发现一种桔梗病害，并从其病叶上分离得到了26个菌株。菌株接种于桔梗叶片后，发病症状与自然发病症状完全一致，并从回接病株上重新分离得到此病原菌。各菌株间致病力无明显的差异。经革兰氏染色反应、菌体形态、培养性状、生理生化反应、（G C）%等鉴定，确定该病原菌为丁香假单胞杆菌的一个新的致病变种。该病菌能引起桔梗细菌性叶斑病（又称斑点病）。     

桔梗组织培养技术的研究

研究桔梗组织培养的最适条件。以MS为基本培养基,附加不同浓度的6-BA和NAA,诱导桔梗茎段外植体的再生植株,结果表明:MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L,是诱导外植体产生愈伤组织的最佳培养基配方,诱导率高,在继代培养时,以MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L为培养基能获得较高的分化率,生根培养基以1/2 MS+NAA 0.5mg/L为最佳。     

SO2胁迫对大花蕙兰叶片保护酶活性的影响

采用0.10%、0.40%、0.70%的Na2SO3溶液浸泡处理来研究模拟大气污染胁迫下大花蕙兰(Cymbidium grandiflorum)叶片内保护酶活性的变化,比较2、4、6、8h后叶片内超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的动态变化过程,结果发现,随着Na2SO3浓度的升高,SOD的活性均高于对照组,但幅度随时间延长而降低;POD活性在处理2～6 h内高于对照组,且呈上升趋势,而6～8 h低于对照,且呈急剧下降趋势;CAT的活性只有在0.10%的Na2SO3处理下高于对照,其余呈缓慢下降趋势.说明高浓度Na2SO3处理后期,叶片内保护酶系统清除活性氧的能力下降,从而引起细胞膜的损伤.     

Residual effects of soil Zn fertilization on soil characteristics,yield and quality of Platycodon grandiflorum

ABSTRACT

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is common worldwide and is a major limiting factor in the cultivation of Platycodon grandiflorum because most P. grandiflorum is cultivated on soils with slight or severe levels of Zn deficiency in China. To investigate the effects of soil Zn fertilization on P. grandiflorum and its residual effects on soil characteristics, a randomized complete block design was conducted at the experimental station of Shandong Agricultural University China in 2016–2018. In 2016, ZnSO₄ · 7H₂O was used as Zn fertilizer. The fertilizer levels of Zn fertilizer were designed as 0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kg ha^?1 and were denoted as CK, Zn₄, Zn₆, Zn₈ and Zn₁₀. No Zn fertilizer was used in 2017 and 2018. The results showed that soil Zn fertilization increased the quantity of soil bacteria, and actinobacteria, Zn₈ and Zn₁₀ treatments increased the soil fungal quantity in 2017, whereas the effect was observed only in the Z₁₀ treatment in 2018. Soil Zn fertilization enhanced the activity of polyphenol oxidase, decreased that of phosphatase, and did not influence the invertase activity in both 2017 and 2018. Both the yield and the quality of P. grandiflorum in the succeeding three years increased due to the soil Zn fertilization in 2016. Overall, soil Zn application is a suitable approach to the cultivation of P. grandiflorum, and the residual effects of a one-time soil Zn fertilization could last at least two years.     

配方施肥对桔梗抗氧化酶活性的影响

为探讨桔梗在氮、磷、钾不同配方施肥下抗氧化酶活性的变化规律,采用盆栽正交试验设计,对桔梗叶片丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性进行了测定。结果表明：不同配方施肥对桔梗抗氧化酶活性有显著影响。氮、磷、钾配比合理时,丙二醛含量较低,膜伤害度较小,抗氧化酶SOD、CAT、POD 活性最高。最佳施肥配比为 N 0．15 g/kg、P2 O50．2 g/kg、K2 O 0．25 g/kg。