Grain composition of Virginia winter barley and implications for use in feed,food, and biofuels production

Grain compositional components impacting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) use in food, feed and fuel products, must be combined with improved agronomic traits to produce a commercially viable barley cultivar. Little current information is available on grain composition and variability among winter barley genotypes. This study was conducted to determine the variability among modern hulled and hulless winter barley genotypes in grain composition. Barley types varied significantly in grain and kernel weight, starch, beta-glucan, oil and ash content, but not in protein concentration. Hulless barley had significantly higher grain test weight and starch concentration than hulled and malting types, and significantly higher beta-glucan than malting barley. Hulless barley had significantly lower kernel weights, oil, and ash concentrations than hulled and malting types. Higher starch and lower fiber and ash in grain of hulless barley versus hulled feed or malting type barley are characteristics that increase hulless barley desirability. Selection for high starch concentration among all barley types is feasible and will facilitate development of barley cultivars better suited for use in feed, malt, and ethanol production.     

乙醇发酵分离耦合过程中负压对酵母代谢的影响

研究了负压对酵母繁殖力、酵母形态、发酵性能、发酵副产物等的影响,结果表明:通过平板和显微镜观察,发现负压对酵母的繁殖力和形态有一定的影响;抽样的最大乙醇浓度、乙醇生产力比对照高;抽压过程中有一部分糖被消耗转化为菌体的维持能;并根据发酵结果,对菌体生长、糖消耗、CO2生成、乙醇生成进行了曲线拟合。     

荔枝草农用活性初步研究

研究了荔枝草乙醇提取物及其萃取物的抑菌、除草活性。结果表明,荔枝草乙醇提取物对27种供试病原真菌均有一定抑制作用。乙醇提取物在浓度为0．03g／mL（以干材料计）时,对苹果腐烂病菌、葡萄白腐病菌、瓜果腐霉病菌的抑制率分别达到89．09％、91．12％、92．59％;荔枝草乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取物对苹果腐烂病菌、葡萄白腐病菌、瓜果腐霉病菌抑制效果最好,其EC50分别为0．24、0．29、0.12mg/mL;荔枝草乙醇提取物对几种杂草也有很好的抑制效果,在浓度为0．2g／mL时,对生菜、反枝苋、黄瓜的抑制率分别为93．65％、92．76％和97．57％。     

不同浓度乙醇对桦褐孔菌提取物抗氧化活性的影响

以样品的总还原力、抗氧化能力、DPPH自由基清除能力为评价指标,研究了不同浓度的乙醇对桦褐孔菌提取物抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:当乙醇浓度为65%时,桦褐孔菌提取物的抗氧化活性较强,其多酚含量和总还原力分别为(12.04±0.53)mg/g、(124.56±2.81)mg/g(维生素C相当量),FRAP值为(1.42±0.04)mmol/g(FeSO4.7 H2O相当量)。提取物浓度为400μg/mL时,DPPH自由基清除率为(78.05±3.41)%。     

Effects of a hexane extract from Laurus novocanariensis leaves on the ethanol metabolism of Wistar rats

A hexane extract from the leaves of Laurus novocanariensis was investigated for its activity on ethanol metabolism in Wistar rats. The extract could interfere with blood ethanol elevation, the induction of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and the reduction of erythrocyte catalase (CAT). The sesquiterpene lactones dehydrocostus lactone and costunolide were identified in the active extract, and might represent its active constituents. These results support the use of L. novocanariensis in the traditional Madeira Island medicine to protect against ethanol injury.     

耐酒精木糖酒精发酵菌种的诱变选育研究

[目的]诱变选育耐酒精木糖酒精的发酵菌种。[方法]以嗜单宁管囊酵母菌株g-13为出发菌株,筛选出1株耐酒精浓度高、发酵性能优良的发酵木糖产生酒精的嗜单宁管囊酵母菌株m-8,将其在紫外灯功率为15w,照射距离为30cm,照射时间为120S的条件下进行紫外线诱变。[结果]经过大量筛选得到优良菌株L—16,在适宜条件下经过发酵其酒精浓度可达7．77g/L,较出发菌株酒精浓度提高了12％。[结论]选育出了1株优良的耐酒精木糖发酵菌种,为开发纤维素类可再生资源提供科学依据.     

不同产地鲜姜乙醇浸提物化学成分分析及6-姜酚含量的测定

[目的]分析比较不同产地鲜姜乙醇浸提物的化学成分并定量测定鲜姜中6-姜酚的含量。[方法]采用GC-MS分析不同产地鲜姜乙醇浸提物中的化学成分,采用HPLC法测定鲜姜中6-姜酚的含量。[结果]5个不同产地的鲜姜乙醇浸提物中分别鉴定出39、44、45、49、44种化合物,其主要成分为姜酚、姜烯酚类、姜酮酚类及姜油酮类等;由于产地不同,各产地鲜姜的乙醇浸提物组成成分及相对含量存在较大差异。姜酚类化合物在鲜姜中含量相对较高,约占总挥发油的30%左右。采用HPLC法测定鲜姜中6-姜酚的含量,结果显示,6-姜酚在0.024 8～0.124 mg/ml浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系（r=0.996 6,n=5）,平均加样回收率为99.20%,RSD为1.26%。[结论]GC-MS法能快速、简便、高效的检测鲜姜乙醇浸提物的化学成分,HPLC测定法简便可靠、重复性好,可用于鲜姜中6-姜酚的含量测定。     

戊糖乙醇发酵菌种的选育及菌种特性的研究

[目的]选育能利用木糖产乙醇的菌株。[方法]从自然界中分离、筛选能够发酵戊糖产生乙醇的酵母菌株,并对所得菌株进行发酵性能研究。[结果]选出了1株能利用木糖产乙醇的菌株b-11。其特性研究结果表明,菌株b-11耐乙醇浓度为5%,对数生长期为12～18 h,在50 g/L的木糖发酵培养基中发酵48 h时乙醇浓度达到最高值3.105 9 g/L,木糖利用率达82.52%,糖醇转化率是理论转化率的16.36%。[结论]该研究为利用木质纤维素生产燃料乙醇提供了参考。     

药用植物地黄不同部位粗提液体外抑菌活性的比较研究

采用分光光度法分析比较了药用植物地黄不同部位乙醇提取液的体外抑菌活性。以地黄花、叶、根等3个部位为试验材料,以80%乙醇为提取溶剂,制备乙醇提取液,以常见致病菌金黄色葡萄球菌为受试菌株,测定各处理菌悬液OD值,并计算抑菌率。研究结果表明,地黄不同部位醇提液对金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制作用,不同部位抑菌效果不同,其中以地黄叶醇提液抑菌作用最强,当浓度为80g/L时,其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率达到72.43%,MIC为5.0g/L,EC50值为10.651g/L,并且其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用与提取液质量浓度间正相关性最为显著。